50 J.-A. PEMBERTON
observers to every IPR conference during the period of the LON’s exist-
ence with the exception of the IPR’s founding conference in 1925 and
that the IPR participated in every conference held under the rubric of
the CISSIR-ISC in the period dating from 1929 to 1949.^157
At the Madrid session of the ISC, Kan spoke of the urgent neces-
sity of propagandising in favour of the ‘pacifist idea’ because, due to
the ‘brutality...of events,’ the minds of the masses and even those of a
‘delicate’ disposition were increasingly inclined towards ‘scepticism’.^158
Others present at Madrid revealed themselves to be a somewhat more
cautious in regard to the question of the ends to which the teaching of
international relations should be directed. Louis Eisenmann, professor
of history and civilisation of the Slavs at the University of Paris, secre-
tary general of the Commission française de coordination des hautes
études internationales and member of the governing body of the Centre
d’études de politiques étrangère, stated that he agreed with Yanguas
Messia on the need to give due consideration to the ‘moral forces’ at
work in society. However, Eisenmann also stated that one should not
as a teacher seek to impose an ‘international orthodoxy,’ adding in an
attempt at levity, that he did not ‘want to risk being burnt—since we are
in the country of the Inquisition—for having spoken badly, by hypothe-
sis, of the League of Nations’.^159
Even more cautious was Charles Anthony Woodward Manning,
professor of international relations at the LSE, a former officer of the
International Labour Office and former personal secretary to Sir Eric
(^157) J. B. Condliffe, ‘International Collaboration in the Study of International Relations,’
Conférence permanente des hautes études internationales: Généralities, 1929–1947, AG
1-IICI-K-I-3, UA; Conference of Institutions for the Scientific Study of International
Relations: Fourth Conference held at Copenhagen, June 8–10, 1931, Appendix IA: Report
by Mr. Bourdillon, Conférence des institutions pour l’étude scientifique des relations inter-
nationales (aprés la Conférence), AG 1-IICI-K-I-1.c, UA; Conference of Institutions for
the Scientific Study of International Relations: Fourth Conference held at Copenhagen,
June 8–10, 1931, Appendix 1B: Fifth Meeting of the British Coordinating Committee of
International Studies, June 17, 1931, and Appendix 1A (1): Institutions for the Scientific
Study of International Relations: Fourth Conference at Copenhagen, June 8–10, 1931,
Quartrième Conférence des institutions pour l’étude scientifique des relations internation-
ales (aprés la Conférence), 1931, AG 1-IICI-K-VI-1, UA.
(^158) ‘Comptes rendu des débats: La deuxième séance,’ Intellectual Coopération (c), nos.
68–69 (1936): 16–23, 21.
(^159) Ibid., 11.