62 J.-A. PEMBERTON
‘Draft Treaty of Permanent Peace between the United States of America
and....’.^192
The wording of the draft, which Shotwell hoped would receive
an especially favourable response from the Japanese delegation in
Honolulu, was based in part on the Rhineland Pact, otherwise known
as the Locarno Treaty, that had been signed by Germany, Belgium,
France, Great Britain and Italy in 1925, Article 2 of this pact provided
for the renunciation of force, albeit without impairing ‘the exercise of
the right of legitimate defence.’ Indeed, the commentary that Shotwell
and Chamberlain appended to the draft treaty bore the following title:
‘American Locarno.’^193 The wording was also based on treaties concern-
ing the peaceful settlement of disputes that the United States had already
signed, namely, the Bryan treaties, with a view to circumventing objec-
tions to the proposed treaty in the event that it was presented to con-
gress for its ratification.^194
Shotwell’s hope that the spirit of Locarno would extend itself to the
rest of the world was fulfilled August 27, 1928: on the day that the
General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National
Policy was opened for signature at the Quai d’Orsay. Informally
known as the Pact of Paris or Kellogg-Briand Pact, the latter title
marking the fact that its two principal sponsors were Frank B. Kellogg,
the secretary of state of the United States, and Briand, the word-
ing of the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument
(^192) Condliffe, ed., Problems of the Pacific: Proceedings of the Second Conference, 173,
and ‘Section 27: Draft Treaty of Permanent Peace Between the United States of America
and....,’ in Condliffe, ed., Problems of the Pacific: Proceedings of the Second Conference, 503,
506.
(^193) Traité entre l’Allemagne, la Beligique, la France, la Grande- Bretagne et l’italia,
fait à Locarno le 16 octobre, Société des Nations 100, 4/26 (Lausanne: Imp. Réunies S.
A., 1925), https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11586/, and ‘Section 27: Draft Treaty
of Permanent Peace Between the United States of America and....,’ in Condliffe, ed.,
Problems of the Pacific: Proceedings of the Second Conference, 503.
(^194) ‘Section 27: Draft Treaty of Permanent Peace Between the United States of America
and....,’ in Condliffe, ed., Problems of the Pacific: Proceedings of the Second Conference, 506.
The Bryan treaties of 1913 and 1914, which were named after Secretary of State William
Jennings Bryan, were a set of bilateral engagements that the United States entered with
various other powers aimed at the peaceful settlement of international disputes.