In a previous chapter we looked at AAVE from a number of directions.
Beyond issues of phonology, morphology, syntax and rhetorical style, we
compared definitions and theorized about what the differences in those
definitions meant. We looked at racism, overt and covert, as it surfaces in
all age groups, ethnicities, races and socioeconomic groups. We
considered the way AAVE is subordinated, and how those who subordinate
rationalize their actions by assumption of authority and reference to
language mythology. The issue of linguistic insecurity was raised, and
countered by the acknowledgement that AAVE persists and will continue
to persevere because it fills a need.
With this background information, we turn to the events of late 1996
and early 1997 referred to as the Oakland Ebonics Controversy, a moral
panic of tremendous proportions and repercussions.
The Setting^4
Oakland, California, is a large port city on the East Bay in the San
Francisco area. It has an estimated 2008 population of 404,155 with a
population density of 7,298.8 persons per square mile (Figure 16.1).
Oakland is a very diverse city, with an Anglo population of less than 40
percent and large African American, Latino and Asian communities.