Kalluriet al.,Science 367 , eaau6977 (2020) 7 February 2020 6of15
Fig. 5. Regulation of
immune response by
exosomes.Exosomes
from distinct cellular
sources, including
immune cells (B cells and
dendritic cells), cancer
cells, epithelial, and
mesenchymal cells, shed
exosomes with cargos
that can influence the
proliferation and respec-
tive activity of recipient
cells of both the innate
and adaptive immune
system. CD4+and CD8+
T cells [cytotoxic T cells
(CTL)] can be directly or
indirectly influenced by
exosomes, stimulating or
suppressing their prolifer-
ation and function(s).
PBMC, peripheral blood
mononuclear cell; X?,
other potential immuno-
modulatory proteins.
B cells
Primed dendritic cells
and other APCs
Cancer cells
Modified epithelial,
mesenchymal, and
other immune cells
Mesenchymal
stem cells
Engineered
immunomodulatory
exosomes
CD4O
ligand
Macrophage
Cancer exosomes
MHC II
CD4/CTL
CD4/CD8/CTL
CD8
APCs NK cells Cancer cells
MSC
CD8/CD86
Dendritic cells
exosomes (DEX)
PD-L1 NK cells
Macrophage
(donor
dependent)
No impact on
immune cells
(donor
dependent)
CD8/CTL CD4 T effectors
PBMC
(donor
dependent)
CD4/CD8/CTL
CD4//CTL
CD4/CTL
CD8
CD4 TReg CD8
DCs/APCs
Primed DCs APCs
MHC I/MHC II
Icam-1
DNA
Hsp70
MHC I Neoantigen
X?
PDL1
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