340 NotesforChapterOneseeHouseEx.Docs.,33dCong.,2dsess.,no.93,pp.129-31,quotedinThomasA.Bailey,
ADiplomaticHistoryoftheAmericanPeople(NewYork:MeredithPublishing,1964),
p.295.ForGrant'sobsessionwithSantoDomingo,seeC. C.Tansill,TheUnitedStates
andSantoDomingo, 1798-1873:AChapterinCaribbeanDiplomacy(Baltimore,Md.:
JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,1938).AlsoseeWilliamJavierNelson,AlmostaTerri-
tory:America'sAttempttoAnnextheDominicanRepublic(Newark:UniversityofDelaware
Press,1990).FortheIsthmiancanalseeDavidMcCullough,ThePathBetweentheSeas:
TheCreationofthePanamaCanal, 187°-1914(NewYork:Simon&Schuster,1977),
pp.26-27.(Orig.cit.for.Grantquotation,NorthAmericanRel/iew,Feb.188r.)There
weresevenGrantexpeditionstoCentralAmericabetween 1870 and1875.Inaddition
toAndrewJohnson,UlyssesS.Grant,andnumerousotherfunctionariesandpoliticians,
TheodoreRooseveltwasalsoa vocaladvocateofannexingCanada.In 1887 hewrote:
ItwouldhavebeenwellforallAmericaifwehadinsistedevenmorethan
wedidupontheextensionnorthwardofourboundaries.Notonlythe
ColumbiaburalsotheRedRiveroftheNorth-andtheSaskatchewan
andFrazeraswell-shouldliewhollywithinourlimits,lessforourown
sakethanforthesakeofthemenwhodwellalongtheirbanks.Columbia,
SaskatchewanandManitobawould,asStatesoftheAmericanUnion,
holdpositionsincomparablymoreimportant,grander,andmoredignified
thantheycaneverhopetoreacheitherasindependentcommunitiesoras
provincialdependenciesofa foreignpowerthatregardsthemwitha
kindlytolerancesomewhatakintocontemptuousindifference.Ofcourse
noonewouldwishtoseerhese,oranyothersettledcommunities,now
addedtoourdomainbyforce;wewantnounwillingcitizenstoenterour
Union;thetimetohavetakenthelandswasbeforethesettlerscameinto
them.
(TheodoreRoosevelt,ThomasHartBenton, nar.ed.[NewYork:CharlesScribner's
Sons,1926},pp.170-7r.)OnJune24,1864,aNewYorkHeraldeditorialdeclaredthat
"fourhundredthousandthoroughlydisciplinedtroopswillasknobetteroccupation
thantodestroy thelastvestigesofBritishruleontheAmericancontinentandannex
CanadatotheUnitedStates."
10.WarrenChristopher,IntheStreamofHistory:ShapingForeignPolicyforaNewEra
(Stanford,Calif.:StanfordUniversityPress,1998),pp.54,6r.
II.ConferenceontheLimitationofArmamentReport(Washington,D.C.:U.S.Govern-
mentPrintingOffice,1922),"Appendix-TreatyI,a treatybetweentheUnitedStates
ofAmerica,theBritishEmpire,France,Italy,andJapan,limitingnavalarmament,"
chap.I,articles1-4,pp.872-73.
12.AllcanbefoundinMerriam-Webster'sBiographicalDictionary(Springfield,Mass.:
Merriam-Webster,1995).WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)wasonthestaffoftheU.S.
Embassy,Madrid(1826-29),secretaryoftheU.S.legationinLondon(1829-32),and
U.S.ministertoSpain(1842-46);EdwardEverett(1794-1865)wasU.S.ministerto
GreatBritain(1841-45);GeorgeBancroft(1800-91)servedasU.S.ministertoGreat
Britain(1846-49)andU.S.ministertoGermany(1867-74);NathanielHawthorne
(18°4-64)wasU.S.consulinLiverpool,England(1853-58);JohnLothropMotley
(1814-77),authorofTheRiseoftheDutchRepublic(1856),HistoryoftheUnitedNether-
lands(1860-67),TheCausesoftheAmericanCivilWar(1861),andotherworks,servedas
secretaryoftheU.S.legationatSt.Petersburg(1841)andasU.S.ministertoAustria
(186/-67)andtoGreatBritain(1869-7°);GeorgeWashingtonWilliams(1849-91)