Special Providence_ American Foreign Policy and How It Changed World - Walter Russell Mead

NotesforChapterSeven 349

ChapterSeven
Tiger!Tiger!BurningBright
1.DavidM.Kennedy,FreedomfromFear(Oxford,England:OxfordUniversityPress,
1999),p.847·SeeRichardB.Frank,Downfall:TheEndoftheImperialJapaneseEmpire
(NewYork:PenguinBooks,1999),forlowercasualtyestimates.
2.
War
AmericanRevolution(1775-83)
IndianWars(17~9-1879)
Warof 1812 (1812-15)
Mexican-AmericanWar(1846-48)
CivilWar(1861-65)
Spanish-AmericanWar(1898)
WorldWarI(1917-18)
WorldWarII(1941-45)
KoreanWar(1950-53)
VietnamWar(1964-73)
PersianGulfWar(1990-91)
KosovoWar(1999)
TOTAL

CombatDeaths

6,^824

3,577

2,260

1,733

234,4^14

385

53,5^13

292 ,13^1

33,87 0

47,07^2

148

°675,9 (^27)
$188.2
$53-7
$28·4
$11.2
$4·7
$286.2
$^28 3.^1
Sources(partiallist):HowardPeckham,TheTollofIndependence;Clodfelter,Warfare
andArmedConflicts.
3.Clodfelter,WarfareandArmedConflicts,pp.952-53.
4.Ibid.,pp.1216,1311.
5.Ibid.,p.886.
6.Ibid.,p.1216;and"AgeandSexDistributionoftheWorld'sPopulation"(New
York,N.Y.:UnitedNations,1996).
7.Therewere6,162,000tonsdroppedinVietnamvs.2,150,000inWorldWarII.
Clodfelter,WarfareandArmedConflicts;vol.2,p.1288.
8.Notethatthelargenumberofcivilianskilledin"free-fire"zoneswerecountedas
militarycasualties.(StanleyI.Kuder,ed.,EncyclopediaoftheVietnamConflict[NewYork:
CharlesScribner'sSons,1996},p.103.)
9.Aratioof47,072:365,000,or1:8.
10.Clodfelter,WarfareandArmedConflicts,vol.2,p.956.
11.Capt.ArthurR.Moore,ACarelessWord...ANeedlessSinking(KingsPoint,
N.Y.:AmericanMerchantMarineMuseum),passim.
12.Clodfelter,WarfareandArmedConflicts,vol.2,p.901.
13.FortheirworkonthePacificwar,IamdeeplyindebtedtoJohnDowerand
DavidKennedy.
14·DefenseSpending(1999;$billion)
NATOAllies
PacificAllies
GulfCooperationCouncil
China(1998)
Russia
Total
UnitedStates