Preface | xiConventions Used in This Book
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Plain text
Indicates menu titles, menu options, menu buttons, keyboard accelerators (such
as Alt and Ctrl), plugins, gems, and libraries.
Italic
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, path-
names, directories, controls, and Unix utilities.
Constant width
Indicates commands, options, switches, variables, attributes, keys, functions,
types, classes, namespaces, methods, modules, properties, parameters, values,
objects, events, event handlers, interfaces, XML tags, HTML tags, macros, the
contents of files, or the output from commands.
Constant width italic
Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.
Constantwidthbold
Used to highlight portions of code.
This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.This icon indicates a warning or caution.Using Code Examples
This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in
this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for
permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,
writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require
permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly booksdoes
require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example
code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example
code from this book into your product’s documentationdoes require permission.