132
Origins
haveencouragedhisenemies’
slavestodeserttheirmastersand
to
fight
for theAbbasidsina
separate
corps?
67
Theyfought
ina
separate
trench,too,toavoid
oppressionby
Arabians?
68
AbfiMuslimhimself,ofcourse,was
the
outstanding
mawla
figure
intheAbbasidmovement;
asthe
military
and
political
tacticianoftheirriseto
power,
hemorethananyotherfigure
was
responsible
fortheAbbasidsuccess.
Abfi
Salama,
another
mawla.,
also
played
avitalrole;detailsabout
boththesemenhave
beencollectedby
others
and
neednotbe
repeated
here.
19
Abfi
Jahm,
themawlafounderofthe
Jahmiya
sect,led 700
troops
in 131/749.
aT
What
appears
tobea
single
mawlawith
variousforms ofhisname ledAbbasid
troops
toSarkhusin
130/748,to
Iraq
against
the
Umayyads
in132/750, andcom-
manded
.Qah.taba’s
advance
guard
alsoin 132/750.171
Finally,
in
134/752,herebelled
against
theAbbasidsandwasdefeated?
z2
A1-Jh.i.z
statesthatthe
Khurfisfiniya,
theAbbasid
troops
from
Khurasan,were
mawlas,
a;3
WithRebels,132-205/750-820.
By
thetime
theAbbasidstook
over the
caliphate,
the erasof
great conquests
had ended;
henceforthMuslimsfought
against
fellow
believersmoreoften
thannon-Muslims.Unfreesoldiers,consequently,
also
partici-
pated mostly
in warfare between Muslims.
It is
commonly
thought
thatmawlasfavoredtheAbbasids,theiralleged
bene-
factors,
just
as
they
hadearlierstruggledagainst
the
Umayyads;
but
just
asthe
Umayyadargument
is
wrong,
sotoo
istheAb-
basidone. Mawlas fought
asmuchfortheirrivalsas forthe
Abbasids.
When
the
city
ofMosulrose
against
theAbbasidsin133/751,a
167.ADA,
pp.
280-81,284.For
a
translation
and
discussion,
see
Pipes,
"From
MawlatoMamluk,"pp.201-02.
Thisisdatedin
T,
2:1969.
168.T,2:1969.
169.Onthem,
see
Sourdel,
El2,andthereferencesinnote 129 of
Pipes,
"Mawlas."
170.T,3:3-4.
171.Sarkhus:Khalifa,
p.
591.Iraq:
TYa
c,2:345.Qah.taba’s
advance
guard:
T,3:18.
172.T,3:75-77.
173.
al-Jh.iz.,Manqib,p.
14.