136
Origins
nextyear
mawlas
again
took
part
as
troops,
and
oneleda
regi-
mentofathousandsoldiers.
19
Amawl
amral-mu’minncom-
mandedso
manytroopsagainst
Ibrfihimb.cAbdallfihthathe
established
hisown
militarycamp.
96
Anothermilitarycamp
in-
cludedBlacks,though
itisnotclearthattheyfought
orthat
they
wereslaves?
97
TheBfihili
Arabiansandtheirmawlasalsofought
fortheAbbasidsagainst
Ibrfihim.
19s
Shortly
afterthe
building
of
Baghdad
in 148/765,
the
gov-
ernor
in
al-Qinnasrin
controlledsomany
mawlasthat
Caliph
al-Mans.fir
fearedhis
strength?
9
AnAbbasidgeneral
returned
from
fighting
Khrijisin
151/768
accompanied
byanenormous
escortoftribal
kinsmenandhisuncle’smawlas;
presumably
the
mawlashadfought
withhim.
z
Twoofthethreeleaders
who
joined
Csfib.Mfisfi’s
expedition
toKhurasanin153/1770were
mawlas.
TM
Two
years
lateramawlz
amral-mu’mininledanAb-
basid
expeditionagainst
rebelsin
Farghana.
2
Whenfacedwith
unrest
in158/775,
al-Mans.ar
had,
among
others,
mawlas
pre-
pare
foraction.
3
Mawlasled
troops
against
a.s-.S’ifa
in
157/
774;
against
arebelin
Khurasanin161/778;and
against
rebels
in
Gurgan
a
year
later,
z4
Twoofthe
generalscommanding
Ab-
basid
troops
against
a
Khfiriji
revoltin
168/785weremawlas;
oneofthem,Harthamab.Ayan,wentonto
becometheout-
standing
Abbasid
general.
He
led
importantcampaigns
until
hisdeathat
al-Ma’mfin’shandsin200/816;his
military
activities
and
governmental
positions
overthis
thirty-yearperiod
were
too
numeroustomentionhere. Hisunusuallylong-lasting
career
195.Troops:
Khalifa,
pp.
649,651.Leda
regiment:
T,3:218.
196.
FB,
p.294.
197.
T,
3:305.
198.Ibid.
199.
TYa%
2:383.
200.TYa%2:385.
201.
T,3:371.Harthamab.Ayanamawla:seethe
lastsectionin
Pipes,
"Mawlas."
202.TYa
,
2:387.
203.T,2:429.
204.
as.-S.fi’ifa:
T,
3:380.Khurasan:T,3:484.
Gurgan:
T,3:493.
205.
TMaw,
p.
252.
206.C.Pellat,"Harthamab.Ayan, inEI
mentionssome.