The
UnfreeinMuslimWarfare,2-205/624-820
137
deserves
study,
particularly
sinceheseems
tohavecomefrom
lowly
origins.
Therebellionofthe
CAlidleader
al-H.usayn
b.CAlimarked
a
highpointintheuseofunfree
soldiers;besideshis
heavy
re-
lianceon
them
(previouslydescribed),theAbbasidssent
many
against
him. Four
mawlas commanded
troops,
and
one of
themheadedthe
vanguardof
twenty
horsemen.
27
H.
ammd
at-Turki, an
importantfigurein
al-Mans.flr’s
court,
28
fought
against al-.Husayn b. Ali, and one
report says he killed al-
.Husayn.
29
Another
Turk,Mubrakat-Turki,was
punishedby
the
caliph
fornot
pursuingtherebels
vigorouslyenough.
1
In
178/794
the
governorofKhurasan
employed
a
totalofhalf
amillion
CAjam
andcalled
themthe
Abbsiya;
theirwaR’
went
tothe
governor,
so
they
were
insomesensehismawlas.
Twenty
thousandofthemweresent
to
Baghdad
where
theywerecalled
the
Karanbiya.
TM
The
governor
of
Ifriqiya sent his mawla
against
arebelin183/799and
themawlawon.
.1.
After
succeeding
al-Hdi on
thethrone, Hrfinar-Rashid
made
everyefforttoinsurethat
forces
supporting
al-Hfdi’s
in-
fant son would
not
dislodge him; Hrfin sent Khazima b.
Khzimwith
5,000armedmawlas
againsttheinfant!
21
When
Hfirfindiedin
193/809,
a
mawlaofhiswas
counted
among
the
majorcommanders.
.14
Afterhis
death,an
inventory
ofhis
pos-
sessionslisted
50,000swordsoftheShkiris
and
ghulzms.
15
As
207.T,3:558,562.
208.He
helped
tobuild
Baghdad(T,3:276-80),ledthe
caliph’sbodyguard
(T,
3:392;IA,
6:24),servedas.hjib(MDh,3:309;T,
3:280),controlledtaxadon
intheSawad
(Jah,p.134),and
personally
waitedon
Caliph
al-Mans.far
(MDh,
3:309;T,3:429).
Ath-Thaelibi,p.20,noteshis
specialimportance.
209.
Abft’l-Farajal-Is.fahni,Maqtila.t-Tgffibiynp.451.
210.T,3:563.
211.T,3:631.
212.
Ibn
al-Abbtr,1:90-91.
213.T,3:602.
214.T,3:772.
215.ar-Rashid,
p.
217.Onthe
Shkirs,seeForand,
"Development,"pp.
10-15;Fries,p.24;Wellhausen,
p.
496;
Dennett,"MarwanibnMuhammad,"
p.
130;
Shaban,CAbbsidRevolution,
p.
58;Gibb,
p.
87;
E.Herzfeld,Geschichteder
StadtSamarra
(Hamburg,1948),p.99,n.1;V.
Minorsky,Sharafal-Zand,
n
.Tgthir