240
Martel,Charles, 56
Marwhn (caliph,Marwtnb.al-
.Hakam),
120-21,185
MarwanII
(caliph,
Marw5nb.
Mu.hammad),129-31,143,187,
191
Marwanidera,172,173,177,181,
192,193, 194, 204
Marwanids,108,117-31
Marzubanb.
Taraksafi, 207
Masr0r
al-Khadim, 139
Masters:bondswith
militaryslaves,8;
controloverslaves,17,19;
fearof
slave
mutiny,26-27.Seealso
Slave-master
relationship
MasC0di,al-, 206
Mawlas,46,148;inAbbasidmove-
ment,132-39;
acquisitionof,
182-83;inbattlesofBadrand
U
.hud,109-10;characteristics
sharedwith
militaryslaves,191-92;
in
civil
wars,117,118-23;control
over,184-85;enrollmentofnon-
Arabians
as,170-74;
fighting,
foreshadowed
militaryslaves,
182-93;
Khriji
rebellion
of,115;
loyaltyof,172,185-88;as
military
leaders,121,122,124,125-26,
128,129,
130,132,133,135,136,
137,139,187,190-91;
patronre-
lationships,
170,171, 172,
184,185;
in
positionsof
highauthority,
125,
128,
130;slave,171;term,xxvi,15,
196-98;Turkish,158;in
warfare,
109-39,165,170-73,186-91
Mawlas,free,177;benefitsof
military
service
to,171-72;contributionto
maintenance
ofArabianruleand
privilege,
173;social
standing
of,
184
Mawla
status,107-09,181,182n86,
184
Maymfinal-Jurjumni, 189
Mecca,52,112,119, 134,138,141,
191;pre-Islamicuseofslavesas
soldiers
in,164-66
Index
Meccanaccords, 180
Medina,64,65,111,121,
133-34,
187n103
Medinan
troops, 131
Mercenaries,as
alternativetomilitary
slaves,86-92;how
militaryslaves
differed
from,14,19-20,22-23
Merv,142, 180
Michael,
Jacobite
Patriarchof
Anti-
och,212,213-14
MiddleEast,57;civilization,
xvi-xviii,
71n35;defined,xiv;notwholeof
Islamdom,xv
Mihja(mawla),
109
Military
dates,
major, 204
MilitaryRegister(Diwanal-Jund),
150,152;roleof,intribal
organi-
zation
of
army,
170;transitionfrom
tribalto
geographic,174-75
Militaryslavery(institution),46;
sumptionsabout,xxi-xxii,benefits
of,8,72,86-93;characteristicsof,
xv,
xix,xx,xxii,39-40,140,159;
connectionto
Islam,xv,3-4,8n8,
54-62;asdescribedinMuslim
sources,199-202;differentfunc-
tions
of,3;explanationof,54-102;
first
occurrencesof,157-58,
159-94;first
systemof,140-58,
205-14;
ignored
inMuslim
thought,xx,5,69;influenceof
priorcivilizationson
development
of,
159,161-66;Islamicateele-
mentsinriseof,59-75,
99-100,
159-61,193-94;
nonmilitary
fac-
tors
and,93-99;
pre-Islamic
an-
tecedents
of,161-66;rationalefor,
86,100,159-61;
spreadof,194;
suppliedpool
ofmenforsexual
relations,99;
trainingprogram
core
of,9;asuniversaltoolof
statecraft
inIslamdom,53, 194
Militaryslaves:Abbasidrecruitment
of,
180-81;acquisitionof,87-89,
140-58,201-02;acquisitionof