IS Æ
AB
EL
LE
AD
AM
/^ F
RO
M^ O
BE
DIE
NC
E^ ©
19
65
ST
AN
LE
Y^ M
ILG
RA
M^ ©
RE
NE
WE
D^1
99
3 A
LE
XA
ND
RA
MI
LG
RA
M^ -
DI
ST
.^ B
Y^ A
LE
XA
ND
ER
ST
RE
ET
PR
ES
S
Danger: high voltage
The panel of switches that faced
participants in Milgram’s study,
indicating the level of shock the
‘teachers’ believed they were
inflicting on ‘learners’. The
highest, 450 volts, could have
been lethal if actually delivered
Ethics vs orders
A ‘teacher’ in Milgram’s study
looks aghast as he is instructed to
administer an electric shock to a
‘learner’. Many participants were
prepared to inflict severe shocks,
as long as they were assured they
themselves were not responsible