‘Bright Star’, 204
‘Milkshake’, 79
pruning before flowering,
137
Echinops, 80, 350
Echinops ritro, 205 , 344, 347,
354, 356, 358, 359, 361,
362, 364, 367, 372, 374,
375
as deer resistant, 63
‘Taplow Blue’, 80
‘Veitch’s Blue’, 206
elecampane, 248
‘Elijah Blue’ fescue, 127
Elymus canadensis, 345
Elymus hystrix, 228
English lavender, 256
epimedium / Epimedium,
344, 347, 350, 354, 357,
360 , 364, 372, 374
cutting back, 134, 381–382
water needs, 14
Epimedium grandiflorum, 206
‘Lilafee’, 206
‘Red Queen’, 206
‘Tama-no-gempei’, 206
Epimedium ×perralchicum
‘Frohnleiten’, 206
Epimedium pinnatum, 207
‘Black Sea’, 207
Epimedium ×rubrum, 206
Epimedium ×versicolor
‘Sulphureum’, 207
Epimedium ×warleyense, 207
orange queen, 207
Epimedium ×youngianum
‘Niveum’, 207
Eryngium, 344, 350, 355, 359,
367 , 372, 375
Eryngium amethystinum, 208
‘Sapphire Blue’, 208
Eryngium planum, 207 , 361,
362
‘Blaukappe’, 208
‘Blue Glitter’, 208
‘Blue Hobbit’, 208
‘Jade Frost’, 208
Eryngium yuccifolium, 208,
345
Eupatorium rugosum, 210
Euphorbia, 208, 350
Euphorbiaceae, 208
Euphorbia epithymoides, 208 ,
344, 355, 361, 362, 366,
372, 374, 375
shaping while pruning, 111
Euphorbia griffthii, 208
Euphorbia myrsinites, 208
European wild ginger, 167
Eurybia divaricate ‘Eastern
Star’, 324
Eutrochium, 65, 347, 350, 353,
357 , 364, 375
Eutrochium dubium ‘Little
Joe’, 210
Eutrochium fistulosum, 210
‘Bartered Bride’, 210
‘Carin’, 210
Eutrochium maculatum, 118,
137
‘Gateway’, 114, 117, 123, 124,
133, 208 , 210, 364, 368,
369, 372, 37 4
Eutrochium perfoliatum, 118
Eutrochium purpureum, 117
evergreen candytuft, 109,
110 , 130, 134, 246
evergreens, 129, 134, 382
evergreen / semi-evergreen
foliage, 130–131
eyesores, 19false goatsbeard, 172
false indigo, 173
fan columbine, 159
featherleaf rodgersia, 300
feather reed grass, 381
fencing, 72, 73
fennel, 64, 65
fernleaf peony, 279
fern-leaf yarrow, 142
ferns, 65, 132, 210 , 354, 374
fertilizers and fertilizing
as a “band-aid” solution,
29
calculating needs and
rates of application,
54–55
compost topdressing as
substitute for, 52–54, 55
in the first year, 54
foliar feeding, 55
heavy feeding perennials,
55
organic, 55
in planting / maintenance
schedule, 381, 382, 387,
388, 389
festuca / Festuca, 45, 226
Festuca glauca, 226, 228, 344,
348, 358
‘Elijah Blue’, 127, 135, 228
feverfew, 325
fiddleheads, 210
Filipendula, 80, 213, 350, 372,
37 4, 375
Filipendula purpurea, 213Filipendula rubra ‘Venusta’,
212 , 343, 347, 351, 354,
364, 366, 369, 37 0
Filipendula ulmaria, 213 , 343,
34 7, 354, 356, 359, 361,
362, 367, 369, 370
‘Aurea’, 213
Filipendula vulgaris, 80, 213
‘Firecracker’ fringed
loosestrife, 266
‘Firetail’ mountain
fleeceflower, 283
‘Fireworks’ sundrops, 275
first-year plants, 110, 112, 122
flat sea holly, 207
flax, 261
floral arrangements, plants
for, 113, 126, 387
flower heads in plant
structure, 96
flowering, delaying, 112–113,
116
flowering, preventing, 116
foamflower, 332
Foeniculum vulgare
‘Purpureum’, 214 , 344,
348, 349, 359, 361, 362,
37 4, 375, 377
damage from butterfly
larvae, 64
foliage
deadleafing, 63, 111, 127,
134, 371, 387, 388
design and maintenance
implications, 22
evergreen / semi-
evergreen, 130–131
in plant height
measurement, 139
purple-foliaged plants,
126
silver-foliaged plants, 25,
32, 64, 104–105, 116, 126
foundation plantings, 18–19
fountain grass, 229
fourlined plant bug, 70, 132,
384, 386
foxglove, 70, 75, 81, 119, 201,
202
foxglove penstemon, 281
Fragaria ‘Pink Panda’, 215 ,
346, 352, 363, 364, 365,
371, 372, 374, 375
deadleafing, 127
fringed bleeding heart, 200
fringed loosestrife
‘Atropurpurea’, 266
‘Firecracker’, 266
‘Purpurea’, 266