Article
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78
10
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Growth rate, GR (nm
-1h
)
4 68
10 -3
2 4 68
10 -2
2 4 68
10 -1
2
Condensation sink, CS (s-1)
Remote
Urban: Europe
Urban: Asia
Urban: North America
a
10 -2
10 -1
100
101
102
Particle formation rate,
J (cm
-3 s
-1)
67
100
2 3 4567
101
2 3 4567
102
CS·10^4 / GR (h nm-1 s-1)
Remote
Urban: Europe
Urban: Asia
Urban: North America
b
Extended Data Fig. 1 | New-particle-formation events observed in various
remote and urban environments (see Extended Data Table 3 for a complete
set of references). a, Growth rates (GR) versus condensation sinks (CS),
showing that both are higher in polluted urban environments than in other
environments. b, Particle-formation rates (J) versus a measure of particle loss
via coagulation (CS × 10^4 /GR, similar to the the McMurry L parameter), showing
high new-particle-formation rates in urban conditions where the condensation
sinks were so high compared to the growth rate that survival of nucleated
particles should be very low. J and GR were calculated over the size range from a
few nanometres to over 20 nm, except for J at Shanghai^59 and Tecamac^60 , which
were calculated from 3 nm to 6 nm. The bars indicate 1σ total errors.