Article
Data availability
All geochemical data generated during this study are included in this
published article (and its supplementary information files) and can
be accessed in the EarthChem repository (https://doi.org/10.26022/
IEDA/111527). Compiled geochemical data are freely available from
the GEOROC database (http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/).
Shear velocity model data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5258/
SOTON/D1306. All broadband OBS data collected by the VoiLA project
will become freely available through the IRIS Data Management Center
via their data request tools, at the end of the project (April 2021).
Code availability
For plate-tectonic reconstructions we used the GPlates software, which
is freely available at https://www.gplates.org/ with the plate model at
https://www.earthbyte.org/global-plate-models.
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Acknowledgements We thank our project partners R. Robertson, J. Latchman, S. Tait and F.
Krüger for support and discussion over the course of this project. We thank C. J. de Hoog for
assistance with SIMS analysis at the EIMF, S. Kearns for help with EPMA analysis, the German
Instrument Pool for Amphibian Seismology (DEPAS), hosted by the Alfred Wegener Institute
Bremerhaven, for providing the ocean-bottom and temporary island seismometers, and the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (OBSIP) for providing additional ocean-bottom
seismometers. This research was funded by the VoiLA NERC consortium grant (NE/K010824/1).
SIMS analysis was funded by EIMF proposals IMF619/0517 and IMF653/0518.
Author contributions All authors discussed the results and implications of the work and
commented on the manuscript at all stages. G.F.C., C.G.M., J.D.B. and A.A.I carried out
geochemical analysis and interpretation. G.F.C., S.G., C.G.M., J.D.B. and J.C. drafted the
manuscript. N.H. and C.R. produced the shear-wave velocity model. B.M. made the
dehydration model. L.B. and S.P.H. compiled local seismicity data. D.S. mapped b-values.
R.W.A and J.C. produced the tectonic reconstruction and associated figures. C.G.M., S.G.,
J.D.B., J.C., A.R., N.H., C.R., J.P.D., T.J.H., J.v.H., J.J.W. and M.W. designed the original VoiLA
experiment.Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Supplementary information is available for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-
2407-5.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to G.F.C.
Peer review information Nature thanks William Leeman and Othmar Müntener for their
contribution to the peer review of this work.
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