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Extended Data Fig. 9 | ROIs that ref lect several preceding song contexts.
a, b, ROIs that are active in multiple preceding contexts. (Δf/f 0 )denoised traces are
aligned to a specific phrase onset, arranged by identity of the preceding phrase
(colour barcode). White ticks indicate phrase onsets. Box plot shows
distributions of (Δf/f 0 )denoised integrals (y axis, summation in the phrase marked
by star) for various song contexts (x axis). F number, P value, and effect size
(η^2 (95% CI)) show the significance of separation by song context (one-way
ANOVA). Asterisks mark contexts that lead to larger mean activity compared
to another context (Tukey’s multiple comparisons; n = 41 songs and
P = 0.01,7. 5 × 10−6, 5.6 × 10−5 in a; n = 19, P = 8.8 × 10−7, 8.15 × 10−8 in b). Average
maximum projection images (see Methods) during the aligned phrase compare
the song contexts that lead to significantly higher activity with the other
contexts in orthogonal colours (cyan and red for high and low activity,
respectively). Scale bar, 50 μm. c–e, Neurons with similar context preference to
those in a and b on adjacent days. Tukey’s multiple comparisons: n = 4 4,
P = 0.001, 4.08 × 10−6, 1.3 × 10−6 in c; n = 45, P = 0.0016, 2.85 × 10−6 in d; n = 30,
P = 0.0002, 0.0001 in e. f, Fraction of ROIs with selectivity for one context
(purple) or multiple contexts (red) identified using Tukey’s post hoc multiple
comparisons (see Methods). Grey slices (n.a.) mark context-sensitive ROIs for
which the post hoc analysis did not isolate a specific context with a larger mean
signal. Top (bottom) pie shows selectivity for first (second) preceding phrases.