Reporting summary
Further information on research design is available in the Nature
Research Reporting Summary linked to this paper.
Data availability
The ChIP–seq and RNA-seq data have been deposited in the Gene
Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE125186.
All other raw data generated or analysed during this study are included
in this paper, the Extended Data figures, and the Supplementary
Information.
Acknowledgements We thank R. Nishinakamura, A. Taguchi and Z. Li for providing reagents
and discussions related to kidney differentiation assays; M. Leboeuf for technical assistance;
A. Soshnev for help with figure preparation; and members of the Allis and Wen laboratories for
scientific input throughout the study. We thank the Rockefeller University Genomic Resource
Center, the Bio-Imaging Resource Center, the Flow Cytometry Resource Center and the MD
Anderson Science Park Next-Generation Sequencing Facility (Cancer Prevention and Research
Institute of Texas (CPRIT), grant RP120348). The research was supported by funds from the
National Cancer Institute (grant 5R01CA204639-03), the Leukaemia and Lymphoma Society
(LLS-SCOR 7006-13), and the Rockefeller University and St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Collaborative on Chromatin Regulation in Pediatric Cancer (to C.D.A.); from CPRIT (grant
RP160237) and the Van Andel Institute (to H.W.); and from the National Institutes of Health (NIH
grants R01HG007538, R01CA193466 and R01CA228140, to W.L.). L.W. is supported by the Jane
Coffin Childs Memorial Fund and an NIH Pathway to Independence Award (1K99CA226399-01).
M.V.O. is supported by a K12 Award from the National Cancer Institute (K12CA184746).
Author contributions L.W. and H.W. conceived and designed the study. L.W., H.W., A.L. and
F.X. performed most of the molecular and genomic studies. L.W. and A.L. performed kidney
differentiation studies. S.C. and L.W. performed imaging studies with assistance from L.F. X.C.,
T.S.C., H.X. and W.L. performed bioinformatics analyses. Y.L., G.C. and H.L. performed the
calorimetric studies. X.W. provided technical assistance. L.G., S.-P.W., S.K.D., R.G.R. and T.W.M.
generated unpublished data. M.V.O. and A.K. provided discussion and assistance with
pathology analysis. L.W. wrote the paper with critical input and edits from C.D.A., H.W., R.T.,
L.G., X.C., A.L. and S.C. C.D.A. and H.W. jointly supervised the research.
Competing interests C.D.A. is a co-founder of Chroma Therapeutics and Constellation
Pharmaceuticals and a Scientific Advisory Board member of EpiCypher.
Additional information
Supplementary information is available for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-
1842-7.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to L.W., H.W. or C.D.A.
Peer review information Nature thanks Tanja Mittag and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for
their contribution to the peer review of this work.
Reprints and permissions information is available at http://www.nature.com/reprints.