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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank G. Heffron and C. Sheehan (Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA) for help with NMR experiments; M. Volpe and
N. Braffman (Balskus lab, Harvard University) for assistance
with DP4 computational analysis; L. Zhang (Balskus lab, Harvard
University) for helping with Sephadex LH-20 chromatography;
andL.Zha,V.M.Rekdal,A.Waldman,T.Ng,andN.Koppel
(Harvard University) for helpful discussions. We thank W. G. Tilly
(MIT) for providing the TK6 cell line and C. Woo (Harvard
University) for providing the HT29 cell line.Funding:Financial
support was provided by the Packard Fellowship for Science
and Engineering (E.P.B.), the Damon Runyon-Rachleff
Innovation Award (E.P.B.), and National Institutes of Health
grants R01 CA208834 (E.P.B.), R01 CA154426 (W.S.G.), and R01
ES022872 (L.D.S.). This work was also supported by NationalInstitute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R44 ES024698
(B.P.E.) and Center for Environmental Health Sciences grant
P30 ES002109 (B.P.E.). Salary support for P.W.V. was provided
by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and National Cancer
Institute (grant R50-CA211256). Mass spectrometry was carried
out in the Analytical Biochemistry Shared Resource of the
Masonic Cancer Center, supported in part by the U.S. National
Institutes of Health and National Cancer Institute (Cancer
Center Support Grant CA-77598). M.R.W. acknowledges support
from the American Cancer Society–New England Division
Postdoctoral Fellowship PF-16-122-01-CDD. C.A.B. is the Dennis
and Marsha Dammerman fellow of the Damon Runyon Cancer
Research Foundation (DRG-2205-14). Mention of commercial
products does not constitute endorsement.Author
contributions:M.R.W., Y.J., S.B., and E.P.B. conceived of the
study. M.R.W., Y.J., P.W.V., C.A.B., L.N., B.P.E., W.S.G., S.B.,
and E.P.B. designed the experiments. M.R.W., Y.J., P.W.V., A.S.,
P.D.B., A.C., C.A.B., E.C., and L.N. performed the experiments.
L.D.S., B.P.E., W.S.G., S.B., and E.P.B. supervised the research.
All authors contributed to data analysis and the writing and
editing of the manuscript.Competing interests:E.P.B. has
consulted for Merck, Novartis, and Kintai Therapeutics and is
on the Scientific Advisory Board of Kintai Therapeutics. W.S.G.
has consulted for Pfizer Consumer Health, Merck, Janssen,
and BiomX and is on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Evelo
Biosciences, Kintai Therapeutics, and Leap Therapeutics. B.P.E.
is an inventor on a patent describing the CometChip assay
(WO 2009/134768 A1).Data and materials availability:The
experimental data obtained in this study are available as
supplementary materials.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/363/6428/eaar7785/suppl/DC1
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S57
Tables S1 to S7
References ( 40 , 41 )
16 December 2017; resubmitted 16 October 2018
Accepted 21 December 2018
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