the times | Saturday August 1 2020 1GM 77
We a t h e r
Channel Islands
NORTH
SEA
CHANNEL
IRISH
SEA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Aberdeen
Glasgow Edinburgh
Carlisle
Newcastle
York
Manchester
Liverpool
Hull
Llandudno
Shrewsbury Nottingham
Sheffield
Norwich
Cambridge
Oxford
Bristol
Swansea
Cardiff
Plymouth
Exeter
Southampton
Brighton
London
Londonderry
Belfast
Galway
Dublin
Cork
Birmingham
CELTIC
SEA
Orkney Shetland
1112121211121122222
Tuesday
22
15
19
22
Aberdeen
Aberporth
Anglesey
Aviemore
Barnstaple
Bedford
Belfast
Birmingham
Bournemouth
Bridlington
Bristol
Camborne
Cardiff
Edinburgh
Eskdalemuir
Glasgow
Hereford
Herstmonceux
Ipswich
Isle of Man
Isle of Wight
Jersey
Keswick
Kinloss
Leeds
Lerwick
Leuchars
Lincoln
Liverpool
London
Lyneham
Manchester
Margate
Milford Haven
Newcastle
Nottingham
Orkney
Oxford
Plymouth
Portland
Scilly, St Mary’s
Shoreham
Shrewsbury
Snowdonia
Southend
South Uist
Stornoway
Tiree
Whitehaven
Wick
Yeovilton
Around Britain
Key: b=bright, c=cloud, d=drizzle, pc=partly cloudy
du=dull, f=fair, fg=fog, h=hail, m=mist, r=rain,
sh=showers, sl=sleet, sn=snow, s=sun, t=thunder
*=previous day **=data not available
Temp C Rain mm Sun hr*
midday yesterday 24 hrs to 5pm yesterday
Noon today
19 S 2.8 0.7
24 S 0.0 8.7
22 PC 0.0 4.7
** ** ** **
23 S 0.0 **
31 S 0.0 **
22 S 6.4 0.0
31 S 0.0 **
26 S 0.0 13.2
19 S 0.0 **
29 S 0.0 13.9
19 B 0.0 14.1
24 PC 0.0 13.6
22 C 1.6 0.0
24 PC 0.4 0.0
22 PC 1.8 0.0
29 S 0.0 **
30 S 0.0 12.0
28 S 0.0 14.9
19 PC 0.0 0.6
28 S 0.0 **
18 B 0.0 14.4
26 S 0.0 **
26 S 1.6 0.5
25 S 0.0 **
15 PC 0.6 0.0
18 PC 3.0 0.0
29 S 0.0 6.1
27 S 0.0 **
35 S 0.0 13.7
30 S 0.0 13.9
29 S 0.1 4.6
27 S 0.0 13.5
20 PC 0.0 **
25 PC 0.0 **
29 S 0.0 8.2
17 S 0.2 2.7
32 S 0.0 **
19 C 0.0 **
21 S 0.0 **
** ** ** **
** ** ** **
29 PC 0.0 9.7
25 S 0.0 **
23 S 0.0 14.8
18 PC 6.4 **
17 C 3.8 1.5
15 R 13.2 0.0
27 S 0.0 0.4
15 S 0.4 **
30 PC 0.0 14.0
The world
All readings local midday yesterday
Alicante
Amsterdam
Athens
Auckland
Bahrain
Bangkok
Barbados
Barcelona
Beijing
Beirut
Belgrade
Berlin
Bermuda
Bordeaux
Brussels
Bucharest
Budapest
Buenos Aires
Cairo
Calcutta
Canberra
Cape Town
Chicago
Copenhagen
Corfu
Delhi
Dubai
Dublin
Faro
Florence
Frankfurt
Geneva
Gibraltar
Harare
Helsinki
Hong Kong
Honolulu
Istanbul
Jerusalem
Johannesburg
Kuala Lumpur
Lanzarote
Las Palmas
Lima
Lisbon
Los Angeles
Luxor
Madeira
Madrid
Mallorca
Malaga
Malta
Melbourne
Mexico City
Miami
Milan
Mombasa
Montreal
Moscow
Mumbai
Munich
Nairobi
Naples
New Orleans
New York
Nice
Nicosia
Oslo
Paris
Perth
Prague
Reykjavik
Riga
Rio de Janeiro
Riyadh
Rome
San Francisco
Santiago
São Paulo
Seoul
Seychelles
Singapore
St Petersburg
Stockholm
Sydney
Tel Aviv
Tenerife
Tokyo
Vancouver
Venice
Vienna
Warsaw
Washington
Zurich
32 S
30 S
34 S
15 DU
41 S
33 PC
3 1 PC
30 S
33 S
30 S
33 S
25 S
30 PC
33 PC
34 S
33 S
31 S
13 S
3 5 PC
35 S
11 S
19 S
27 B
19 PC
35 S
** **
46 S
20 SH
25 B
35 S
32 S
33 PC
26 B
21 S
19 PC
2 7 SH
3 1 PC
3 1 PC
32 S
18 S
2 7 PC
23 PC
2 5 PC
15 DU
30 S
19 PC
42 S
2 4 PC
36 S
34 S
29 S
35 S
14 S
23 PC
33 B
32 S
27 B
26 PC
18 PC
32 S
29 S
21 B
31 S
33 PC
31 B
28 PC
36 S
2 1 PC
37 S
19 PC
26 S
13 R
17 C
19 R
44 S
32 S
19 PC
12 B
15 C
28 B
26 SH
30 B
15 SH
18 B
16 PC
32 S
27 PC
25 B
25 PC
32 S
30 S
22 S
3 4 PC
33 S
The Times weather er r r rrrrrrrrrr
page is provided
by Weatherquestt
Five days ahead
Changeable with some
rain or showers at first,
becoming dry and warm
later next week
Today A mixture of bright or sunny spells, variable cloud and a few scattered showers. Max 26C (79F), min 6C (43F)
Tides
Tidal predictions.
Heights in metres
Today Ht Ht
Aberdeen
Avonmouth
Belfast
Cardiff
Devonport
Dover
Dublin
Falmouth
Greenock
Harwich
Holyhead
Hull
Leith
Liverpool
London Bridge
Lowestoft
Milford Haven
Morecambe
Newhaven
Newquay
Oban
Penzance
Portsmouth
Shoreham
Southampton
Swansea
Tees
Weymouth
0 0:10 3.8 12:4 6 3. 9
06 : 00 11.2 18:3 0 11. 6
10 :15 3.2 22:41 3.3
0 5:51 1 0 .4 18:24 1 0. 8
0 4:35 4.7 17: 0 2 5. 0
1 0:20 5.9 22:51 6 .1
1 0:5 6 3.8 23:12 3. 9
0 4:12 4.4 1 6 :38 4.7
1 1:31 3.0 --:-- --
1 0:41 3. 6 23:08 3.8
09 :35 5. 0 21:55 5.2
0 5:02 6 .7 17:40 6 .7
0 1:17 5. 0 13:55 5.1
1 0:23 8.3 22:4 6 8.7
0 0:1 6 6 .5 12:57 6 .4
0 8:27 2.4 21:00 2.4
0 5:09 6 .0 17:39 6 .2
1 0:27 8.3 22:50 8. 6
1 0:10 5.9 22:34 6.1
0 4:03 6 .0 1 6 :32 6 .3
0 5:15 3.3 17:32 3.5
0 3:37 4.8 1 6 :04 5. 0
1 0:32 4.2 22:47 4.4
1 0:27 5.5 22:50 5.7
0 9:34 4.0 21:51 4.2
0 5:12 8.1 17:45 8.4
0 2:30 4.8 15:05 4. 9
0 5:31 1. 6 18:03 1.8
Synoptic situation
A weak occluded front will drift
eastwards across England,
Wales and Scotland, bringing
thicker areas of cloud and a
few showers. Sunny spells
will return from the west, but
a secondary occluded front
will bring an increasing risk of
showers or longer spells of rain
into Ireland by the afternoon.
Still feeling quite warm in the
southeast.
Highs and lows
24hrs to 5pm yesterday
Warmest: Heathrow,
Greater London, 37.8C
Coldest: Shobdon, 8.3C
Wettest: Harris, 1 3. 8 mm
Sunniest: Wattisham,
Suffolk, 14.9hrs*
Sun and moon
For Greenwich
Sun rises:
Sun sets:
Moon rises:
Moon sets:
Full moon: August 3
Hours of darkness
Aberdeen
Belfast
Birmingham
Cardiff
Exeter
Glasgow
Liverpool
London
Manchester
Newcastle
Norwich
Penzance
Sheffi eld
21:51-04:3 9
21:54- 0 5: 07
21:29-05:0 0
21:3 0 - 0 5: 09
21:29-05:1 3
21:53-04:5 4
21:37-0 5 :0 0
21:18-04:5 6
21:34-04: 57
21:38-04:4 8
21:1 7 - 0 4:4 6
21:34-05:2 3
21:31-04: 54
General situation: Bright or sunnyht
spells and a few scattered showers.
E Anglia, London, SE Eng: Dry for much
of the day with sunny spells, cloud
tending to increase with the risk of a
few scattered showers, especially later
in the day. Light to moderate west or
southwesterlysouthwesterly winds Maximum winds. Maximum
26C (79F), minimum 9C (48F).
SW Eng, Wales: Scattered showers in
the morning, but these tending to ease
leaving much of the afternoon dry with
broken cloud and sunny spells. Light to
moderate westerly winds. Maximum
22C (72F), minimum 8C (46F).
N Ireland, Republic of Ireland: Some
sunny spells, but increasing cloud will
bring the risk of scattered showers,
some heavy and locally thundery and
tending to merge into a longer spell of
rainrain later in the day Light to moderate later in the day. Light to moderate
southwesterly winds. Maximum
1 8C (64F), minimum 6C (43F).
Scotland:Thundery rain will gradually
clear from Shetland during the
morning, leaving most areas with a
mixture of sunny spells, variable cloud
and a few scattered showers. Winds
mainly light and variable, but moderate
at times near some coasts. Maximum
20C (68F), minimum 6C (43F).
NE Eng, Cen N Eng, E Eng, Midlands,
NW Eng, IoM, Cen S Eng, Channel Is,
LakeLake District: District:AA mixture of variable mixture of variable
cloud and a few scattered showers, but
also some sunny spells, especially later
in the day. Light to moderate westerly
winds. Maximum 24C (75F),
minimum 8C (46F).
Tomorrow
23
17
17
22
Monday
22
16
16
22
Wednesday
24
18
20
22
26
21
22
25
8
westerly winds
144 188
4
oooo
122
4
5
191
neyney Sh
10101110110101101010101010110101010111011010101010110000000000000000000000000000000
88
24
18
21
17
16
18
14
115
171 155
26
26
22
18
17
17
18
16
16
22
(^8) r
6
ih
L
k
F
95
86
77
68
59
50
41
32
23
14
5
C
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
- 5
- 10
-1 5
Wind speedWddppee
(mph)
Temperature
28 (degrees C)
3434
Sea stateSSaa aaee
Calm Cl
Slight
Moderate
Rough
Flood alerts and warnings
At 17:00 on Friday there were no fl ood
alerts or warnings in England, Wales
or Scotland.
For further information andupdates
in England visit fl ood-warning-
information.service.gov.uk, for Wales
naturalresources.wales/fl ooding and
for Scotland SEPA.org.ukk
Cold front
Warm front
Occluded front
Trough
LLOWLOLOLOWLOWLOWLOLOWLLOWLOLOWLOLLOLLOWLOWLOLOWLLOWLLLOLOLOLLOLOWLLOLOLOWLOWLOWLOWLLOLOWLLOLLLOLLOLOLLLLLLOLOOOWOWOOOOWOWOWOWOOOOOOOWOOWOOOOOOOWOOOOOOOOOWOOWOWOOOOOOOOOOOOOOWOOOWOOOOOOOOWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
HIGHH LOWLOWLOWOWOOWOWOWOOWOOWOOWOWOOOWOWOWOWOWOOWOOWOOOOOOOWOOWOWOOWOWOWOWOOWWWWWWWWWWWW
LOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLLLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWOWOWOWOWOOOWOWOWOWOOWOWOWOWOOWOWOWOWOWOWOOWOWOWOWOWOWOOWOWOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
HIGHHIGHHIGHHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHHHIGHHIHIGHHIIGHIIGIGHIGHIGHIGHIIGHIGHIGHIGHIGHIGHIIGHIIGHIGHIGHIGHIIGHIGHGGGHHHHHHHHHH
HIGHHIGIGIGIGIGI
LOLOLOLLLLOWLLOWLOWLOWLLLLLOLOLLOLOLLOLOWLLLLOLOWLOWLOLLOLOWLOWLOOOOOOOOWOOWWWWWWW
HIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHIIIGHIIIIIIIIIIIGHH
10241024102410240202020020202400200240202022222222222424222244444
1016101610161016101610160161666666
1011011101011011011000100001000101001010100101010101010100011116111111161111116116161161116161616111611161611116116116161111111666666666666666666666666666666
10101101610161011016101610161016101101101601010101001010101111
110161016101111101610161016001111
1008100810081008100810081008100800080080080000000000000080000000080080000000000000080008080800808080000800000800008088888888888888888888888888888888
11010081101010101008101008100810101010081010101010111110100100811000800008000000008008000800000008000000080000080000000800000080008000000008000000080008008080000800808080808888
100011000100010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
101001000100100010001000100010001000100011000100010001000100010001000100010001010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Windy across central, northern and
western areas with outbreaks of rain.
Mainly dry in the far south with someMainly dry in thhhe faee farr rsouth with some
sunny spellss..
Max 23C,minmiiniin 9Cn 9Cnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 9Cn9C9C 9 9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9CCCC
Sunny spells and patchy cloud with
a few scattered showers, but many
places will probably stay dry.places will probbbablyablyablyablyssstay dry y.
Max 24C,minnnn 33 3C 333333 3C3C3C3C 3 3C 333 3C3C 33333 3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Showery rain in the southwest will
gradually clear, leaving many areas
with a mixture of sunny spells and just with a mixture oooofsuf suf suunnny yspelpls and justt
a few scatteeredred ed showers.eeded eded ed ed eded showersedeeed showers.edddddddsshowsshoshoshowshowshowshowshoshoshowshowshowshowshowshohoowoowowowwwwwwwers.ers.ers.ers.ers.ers.ers.erersers
Max 23C,minmiiniin 5Cn 5Cnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C 5 CCCC
Rather cloudy and breezy with
outbreaks of rain in places, brighter
with a few showers in the north.with a few showewwewrs irs sin the north.
Max 25C,mininnn 777 7C 77777 7C7C 7 7C7C 77 7C 7 7C7C7C 7777 7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Cloud and patchy rain in western areas
gradually lifting northwards, leaving
many places dry with sunny spells andmany places dry yy y witwiththth sunny spells and
becomingvererry warm in eay way way waywy wyway wyway wy wy wy wywy wy warm in eaywy warm in eay w wwwwwwwrrmrmrmrmrmmmim mmmmmmmm im im immm iiiiiin ean ean ean en ean ean eaeaeaeaeeaeaaaaasters n parts.
Max 29C,miiniiinn 8Cn 8Cnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C 8 8C8C8C8CCCCCCC
05 .2 4
20.4 7
19 .4 9
0 3.34 Sun
O
n this day in 1774 Joseph
Priestley made a hugely
significant scientific
discovery. It was a sunny
day at Bowood House in
Calne, Wiltshire, where Priestley
was employed by Lord Shelburne as
librarian and tutor to his sons. Most
importantly, he could make use of a
laboratory in the house.
On August 1, Priestley focused
sunlight with a large “burning lens”
— a magnifying glass — to heat up
red oxide of mercury. The oxide
gave off a colourless gas which
Priestley collected and found it had
remarkable powers.
“This air is of exalted nature. A
candle burnt in this air with an
amazing strength of flame; and a bit
of red hot wood crackled and burnt
with a prodigious rapidity,
exhibiting an appearance something
like that of iron glowing with a
white heat, and throwing sparks in
all directions,” he reported in the
Royal Society’s journal
Philosophical Transactions in 1775.
He tested the gas on mice and
then tried it on himself, noting that
it was “five or six times better than
common air for the purpose of
respiration, inflammation, and, I
believe, every other use of common
atmospherical air”. Priestley had
discovered oxygen, although it was
named later by Antoine Lavoisier.
In 1772 Priestley had also
stumbled on photosynthesis. He
knew that if a candle was put inside
a sealed chamber it was soon
snuffed out and if a mouse was put
in afterwards it quickly suffocated.
But he discovered that when a plant
was put in the chamber it
replenished the air enough that days
later a mouse could safely breathe in
the air. He didn’t realise the plant
was giving off oxygen by
photosynthesis using light, but he
did appreciate the significance of
plants in the atmosphere. As he
wrote in Philosophical Transactions:
“The injury which is continually
done to the atmosphere by the
respiration of such a number of
animals, and the putrefaction of
such masses of both vegetable and
animal matter, is, in part at least,
repaired by the vegetable creation.”
Weather Eye
Paul Simons