Extended Data Fig. 1 | Conceptual framework for the effects of land use
change on zoonotic disease transmission. Pathogen transmission between
potential hosts is shown as black arrows. Land use change (green driver) acts
on ecological community composition and human populations (white boxes),
and on environmental features that influence contact and transmission both
locally (light blue box) and at broader geographical scales (dark blue box).
These processes occur within a broader socio-ecological system context also
inf luenced by additional environmental (for example, climatic),
socioeconomic and demographic factors. Unpicking the relative inf luence of
these different processes on disease outcomes is challenging in local disease
system studies, in which multiple processes may be acting on pathogen
prevalence and transmission intensity. The aim of this analysis was therefore to
specifically examine, at a global scale, the effects of land use change on the
composition of the potential host community (excluding domestic species),
denoted by the red box.