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4 Contents The EconomistOctober 17th 2020

Volume 437 Number 9216

Europe

43 An interview with

Alexei Navalny

44 Turkey jails Kurds

45 Berlin’s new airport

45 France without men

46 Charlemagne

Euro-culture

Britain

47 The second wave

48 Political biographies

49 BagehotDivided Britain

International

50 Covid-19 and

human rights

Business

53 What Masa does next

54 Airbus v Boeing v WTO

55 Bartleby Tyranny of

the clock

56 America’s red capitalism

56 The pull of India’s tractors

57 Apple gets up to snuff

57 Convenient retail

58 Schumpeter Newspapers

and big tech

Finance & economics

59 China’s GDP

60 Earnings on Wall Street

61 Debt in poor countries

61 Savers and low rates

62 The IMF’s new forecasts

65 ButtonwoodIran’s

stockmarket

66 Free exchangeThe Nobel

prize

Science & technology

67 Transgender athletes

68 Underwater comms

69 Babies and gut bacteria

69 Counting trees in deserts

70 The top speed of sound

Books & arts

71 JFK, myth and reality

72 Archaeology in Egypt

73 JohnsonLanguage and

perception

74 William Boyd’s new novel

74 Art and punishment

inRussia

Economic & financial indicators

76 Statisticson 42 economies

Graphic detail

77 Engineers,notracers,drivesuccessinmotorsport

Obituary

78 Mohammad Reza Shajarian, singer of the soul of Iran