TUESDAY, OCTOBER 20 , 2020. THE WASHINGTON POST EZ RE A
Charlotte Edwards∙Brian Hayden∙Sherwood Waldron∙Richard Dance∙Christopher Bourdon∙Guillaume Metz∙Roger Waterman∙Michael Zhao∙Randall Scheff∙Ian Burgess-Barber∙Chris Jones∙Melinda Grant∙Robert Leckie∙Robert Nunan∙Charles Latham∙Paul Cachia∙Marc Vincent∙Tom McCar-
thy∙Robert Vargo∙Steven Chetwynd∙Jim Fuhring∙Teresa Carioti∙William Bryant∙William S Guion∙Jochen Heyland∙John Bazalgette∙Raymond Siebert∙Bartholomew McCabe∙Vladimir Yarovenko∙Dirk Smit∙Roger I Basu∙Robert Cavanagh∙Jay Bowden∙Daniel Gannon∙Michael McCulloch∙Carol
Jamieson∙Adam Zembrosky∙Timothy Murray∙Bruce Kranendonk∙Peter Viets∙Pamela Hastings∙Steven Armstrong∙Robert Ball∙Terry Poe∙Drew Washburn∙Sture Christian Lindholm∙Brennan Reynolds∙Callum Hutchinson∙William Young∙Kathy Belden∙Anne Slater∙Gregory Fort∙Theodore
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sler∙Assaf Levy∙Marilyn McMillan∙Nikolay Kyosev∙Ernie Looney∙Paul Rix∙Pascal Stark∙Chris Rathbun∙Michael Hazel∙Julie Hurst∙Gillian Cameron∙James Hill∙Michelle Murray∙Thomas McCoy∙Greg Witt∙Santi Molina∙Pam Freshney∙Kathy Kearns∙Richard Henderson∙Suzanna McGee∙Harry
Gits∙Kathleen G Campbell∙Michael Robards∙James Marshall∙Peter Maldonado∙Karyn Warner∙Charles Stoutenburgh∙Michael Cormany∙Steven Moschidis∙Juliano Viana Mathey∙Devin Henry∙Suzanne Flanagan∙Rosemary Tann∙Virginia Schoffer∙Robert Christian∙Nancy Russell∙Melanie Herre-
ra∙Bruno Fogola∙Jennifer Oppenheim∙Martijn Pepping∙Robert Slovick∙Rob Johnson∙Henri Schoenmakers∙Joe Voicheck∙Ed Garnier∙Michael Carr∙Bert Neuman∙Mark Stubbs∙Nanette Murray∙James Frost∙Val Farrelly∙David Anderson∙Adam Bowen∙Kevin Luedtke∙Robert Champagne∙Aurelian
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field∙Sharon Bubniak∙Zachary Svoboda∙Ross Allen∙Bruce Kholooci∙Michael Dubrick∙Gerard Vasbenter∙Mark Reback∙Philip Wookey∙Rosemary Herrick∙Samuel Caldwell∙Carolyn Glockhoff∙Lorie Mayorga∙Nick Wood∙Anant Vijay∙James Wilcox∙Richard Frost∙Mike Anderson∙Don Jenkins∙Sal-
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Harkey∙Lynn A Dutton∙Jim Robinett∙Mark Swanson∙Charles Koenig∙Nick Kossifidis∙Shane White∙Gaston Alamachere∙Jani Haakana∙Clem Ota∙Sherrie Divelbiss∙Colleen Evans∙Randy Shelton∙Lawrence E. Davis∙David Telega∙Daniel Boyd∙Kim Hausner∙Claudia Rollstin∙Chris Davies∙John
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C Nitasaka∙Beverly Wasson∙Chares Allen∙Phil Steinfeld∙Corey Baughman∙Bryan Thomas∙Miguel Sanabria∙Moises Franco∙Clayton King∙Gerald Strauss∙Richard Guggemos∙Paul Ripley∙Treasa Sweek∙Pam Cothran∙Susan Sporte∙Samuel Pappas∙Charlotte Towler∙Wilfred Van Deyzen∙Cece-
lia Hancock∙Jerrold Osborn∙David Vosen∙Mark Warren∙Umberto Ungheri∙Tom Taylor∙Robin Stone∙Valeri Fornagiel∙Gerald Lee∙Stephen Austin∙Clifford Flath∙Lars Budjan∙Richard Aber∙Pieter Aerts∙Brian Dunn∙Andre Fountain∙Peter Britton∙Beverley King∙Kenneth Mendat∙Chris Bratch-
ell∙Yolanda S Broad∙Stuart Klein∙Alfon- so Tejada∙David Graves∙Cynthia Si-
mon∙Russell Jenkins∙Fiona Adams∙Pieter Leenhouts∙David C Clere∙Jerry Scott∙-
Timothy Swain∙Kent Hogan∙Dr Jacques Der-ek Charlwood∙Robert Dugard∙Ezra
Golombok∙Harolynne Bobis∙Eric Da- neau∙Martin Hughes∙Pauline
Rowe∙Rick Redfield∙Nancy R Ban- aszak∙Gordon Kelley∙Katrina McCrud-
den∙Pierre Bélisle∙John Critchlow∙Julia Ros- mond∙Sergio Ramirez∙Jon Sugiya-
ma∙Nona Donahue∙Josef Pfauntsch∙Douglas Hubley∙Joseph Reynolds∙Mike Caud-
le∙Kelly Mulcahy-Libel∙Donna Lazzarini∙- David Simpson∙Simon Magid∙Bion
Smalley∙Anette Kruhøffer∙Penny Mag- ers∙Derrick Johnston∙Frank Varso-
lona∙Bill Moore∙Rafael Palacios∙Judy Har-ris∙Jeffrey Long∙James Taylor∙Patricia
Campbell∙Will Hodge∙Christopher Greena- cre∙Karen Carpenter∙Okyanus Ar-
slan∙Douglas Gruenau∙Janet Berryhill∙Don- ald Bell∙Gregory Gordon∙Niklas Jo-
hansson∙Joseph Siegle Jr∙Elizabeth Sto-ry∙Arden Wryte∙John Hubbard∙Vladi-
mir Roglić∙Aleksander Vehar∙Merrilan Sim- per∙Victor Gonzalez∙Max Evans∙Uffe
Gammelby∙James Wilson∙Sharon Sul- livan∙Zachary Borrett∙Alfred
Yorke∙Christine Sarkis∙Zack Lee∙Tom Parks∙Polo Crosbie∙Mj Murphy∙Lee
Lucca∙Faith Flower∙Karen Borchgrevink∙Ste- phen Gabriel∙Robert Riley∙George No-
lan∙Ryan Taylor∙Stuart Heaney∙Antó-nio Soares∙Elizabeth Kelly∙Teresa
Wise∙Roman Znajek∙Melinda Fleming∙Aar-on Cosbey∙Tim Clark-McKitrick∙Rickey
Ramseur∙Marie Moffitt∙Martha Tocco∙Bri- an Boyd∙Dave Lopez∙Michael Schroed-
er∙Nathan Casseus∙Michael Mayer∙Char-lene McIntyre∙Tom Gardner∙Mike
Dolan∙Robert Gielczowski∙Annette F Niel- sen∙Ruth Feiertag∙William Wat-
son∙Rowland George∙Olga D Grovic∙James Bumgarner∙Jim McGoodwin∙Walter
Tulys∙Edward Hauser∙Ronald Badertscher∙- Timothy Kerney∙Gale Scudder∙Paula
Slater∙Donna Snyder∙Gregory Caughey∙Mi- chelle Levy∙Marilyn Sutton Loos∙Stefa-
no Medri∙Roger Plumb∙David W Hurst Jr∙-Donna Speakes∙Edward Ramras∙Doris
Pierson∙Lew Sarr∙Charles Cousland∙Myr-na Bailey∙Joel Sanders∙Greg Flem-
ing∙Howard Hontz∙Alward Kaopuiki∙Dale Drum∙Kenneth Attaway∙Susan Erick-
son∙Livia Bidoli∙Thomas Pletcher∙Roger Byrd∙Rae Dawson∙Margery K Han-
son∙David V. Gregory∙Douglas Maybee∙- Phyllis Eckhaus∙Dan Parker∙Tim
Towns∙David Egerter∙James Cape∙Rob-ert Raplee∙Tim Leffler∙James Kin-
man-Wygal∙Chester Novak∙J.D. Nigrelli∙Tony Cooke∙Robert Lager∙Carl Rod∙Stefano
Aliffi∙Cary Fassler∙Daniel Wiest∙Michael Or-ton∙Ash Dattani∙Linda Butler∙Roland
Kim∙Brigitta Nagy∙Janet Brennan∙David Per- kins∙Alexandros Manetas∙Tracy Kel-
ley∙Md. Aminul Haque∙Ron Whitmore∙An- drea Vergnano∙Billy Holley∙Albert No-
vak∙David Moldenhauer∙Michael Labrec- que∙Gregory Paige∙Kate Skinner∙Da-
vid Knodel∙Kathleen Pearson∙John White∙Bernd Wolff∙Alan France∙Ilea-
na Valladares∙Chuck Ducharme∙John Crum- lin∙Scott Rollins∙Henry Kenyon∙Jesus
Flores∙Victor Tatai∙Kyi Tun∙Mike Rogowski∙- Joe Thompson∙Kevin Moriarty∙Yvonne
Winsor∙Eric Knight∙Dick Sandvik∙Isaiah Epps∙Bertrand Di Folco∙Ryan Preb-
ble∙Susan Sasser∙Donna Macomber∙Donald Fain∙Lee Rice∙James Bandy∙Matthew
Robinson∙Jack Homeyer∙Ferenc Czigler∙Jo- seph Thompson∙Schuyler Hardin∙Nils
Wickstrom∙Ron Fisher∙Donald R Wil- liams∙Daniel Jani∙John Wallace∙Mike
Guest∙Gerald Boyette∙Saralyn Fos- night∙Cheryl Litwack∙John Austin∙-
Frederick Avelar∙Charles Bickel∙Ronnie Kel- ly∙Yves Veronneau∙Bonnie Janney∙-
John McClean∙Rob Hill∙Raymond Rit-ter∙Sheri Fadden∙George Allport∙Jim
Sitrick Jr∙Paul Legere∙Anthony Kellner∙Ste-phen Baxter∙Fazlul Amin Shuvo∙David
Fitzgibbon∙Wick Chambers∙Judith Hum- burg∙Joseph M Gaffney∙Bill Thom-
son∙Jack Thach∙Corby Enochs∙Andrew Klotz∙David Fink∙Will Toner∙Joe
Bachofen∙Clarence Brown∙Larry Halm∙Rich Tejada∙Joseph Plavec∙Virginia Weis-
man∙Allen Palmer∙Molly Holzschlag∙Kay Tousley∙Daniel Kinney∙Andrea Berar-
di∙James Watterson∙Aimee Arnold∙Ayo- tunde Adeloye∙Richard Burris∙Susan
Norwood∙Bill Press∙Josh Patterson∙Lynda Bangham∙Barbara Horter∙Jerry Fisch-
er∙Nick Guthrie∙Ricardo Nassif∙Ernie Dula- nowsky∙Carol S Zervas∙Keith Robert
Lohse∙Shaun Fensom∙Susan M. Wagner∙- Joaquim Cunha∙John Davis∙Dan
Will∙Robert Ortiz∙David Lent∙Mikael L. Fangel∙Ray Davis∙Rafal Pastuszak∙-
David Kirkman∙Danny Williams∙Katrina Joy∙Craig Skinner∙Wesley Rowe∙Pan-
kaj Pokhrel∙Michael McGuire∙Katherine Tra- vers∙Chris Whear∙Lisa Mascho∙Pedro
Santos∙Andrew Hill∙Ross Haynes∙Carol Mo-seley∙Michele Busdraghi∙Peter Crag-
g∙John Franks∙Santhosh Manikan- dan∙Maria Elena∙Sai Eashwar∙Charles
Paquet∙Tadas Suslavicius∙Robert Parker∙- Justin Kohl∙Karl Kemnitz∙Christoph
Ruegg∙Joe Miller∙Göran Olsson∙Richard His- cock∙Peter Santucci∙Jinx McAllister∙-
Peter Torino∙Michael Gaetz∙Gary Parker∙- Panos Laganakos∙Walter Iman∙Ryan
Gardner-Cook∙Gwendolyn Hornung∙Thom- as Derus∙Jennifer Colby∙James Panet-
ti∙Scott Willis∙Marguerite Panyko∙Michele Fishman∙Marnie Heyn∙Michel De Pon-
teves∙Daniel Henry∙Nick Odell∙Joseph Hes- s∙Jon Payne∙Andrew Seila∙Mark
Lowenthal∙Sal Kadri∙Norman Wilson∙Rick-ey Westbrooks∙Phyllis Gordon∙Daniel
Georgiev∙Jacquie Bullock∙Michael Re-ichert∙Richard Kortum∙Judy Wind-
sor∙Ross Bell∙Joe Goldblatt∙Gary Reyn- olds∙Brian Gratton∙Julian Scott∙Brio
Semino∙Paul Selapack∙Susan Thomas∙Har-ri Timonen∙Philip Maynard∙Debra Ja-
nin∙John Eckler∙Sarah Alfadl∙Steve Jatkow-ski∙Kennedy Gauger∙Laurie Thom-
as∙Kathleen Manthei∙Richard Strahm∙Joe Ot-to∙Douglas Jones∙Gail Doore∙Peggy
Merizalde∙Valentin Mladenov∙Thomas Rut-ledge∙Barbara Young∙Theo Nel-
son∙Karen Walker∙Patricia Bedor∙Kim- berley Werr∙Ronald M. Filkas∙Leslie
Prahl∙Gary Reece∙Waverly Hayner∙Sharon Ketcherside∙Dennis Anderson∙Chas
Knowles∙Douglas Carriger∙Robert Grif-fiths∙Joshua Trenge∙Barb Evans∙Peter
Geers∙Gordon Thielvoldt∙Ira Cohen∙Sal- ly Rose∙Alice Cooper∙Barry Van Tas-
sell∙Phillip Matievic∙William Scannell∙Gary Rowland∙Paul Southcott∙Rupert Hus-
sey∙James McElyea∙Susan Gressett∙William Cherry∙Stephen Calderbank∙Sandra
De Murley∙Kay Hahn∙Laurie Button∙Alvaro Luque∙Eugene Whitley∙Anita Martin∙-
Varian Shepherd∙Donald Stavert∙Lyn- da Scheben∙Peter Jones∙Arild
Stromsvag∙Ashwood Homes∙Fabian Lopez Bernal∙Maria Luisa Castellanos∙Rich-
ard Osmun∙Robert Alldis∙Michael Whitch- er∙Steve Lortie∙Warren Bobrow∙Frank
Dimichele∙Carol Adams∙David Burge∙Srdjan Djukic∙Liesl Feldman∙Eckhard Kuhn-
Osius∙Mark Orris∙Nancy Coffey∙Ann Col- lins∙Shashank Shekhar∙Charles K
Summers∙Roberta Carlson∙Paula Snow∙Mel- vin Taff∙James Kinsinger∙Cathy Goeg-
gel∙Paul Jensen∙John Watson∙Robert Brooks∙Chris Groenewold∙Richard Fol-
let∙Kerrie-Ann Guarino∙Bruce Elliott∙Dan- ny C Davis ∙Patricia Lord∙Richard
Sims∙Ros Baker∙Travis Neely∙Larry Wech- ter∙John Catherine∙Alan Green-
berg∙Katie Whalen∙Claudia Campbell∙Car-olyn Blakeney∙Tom Reynolds∙Barry R
Martin∙David Melville∙Margaret Walsh∙Clif-ford Hoy∙Raul Ceballos∙Holly Wey-
mouth Bortman∙Nancy Goodman∙Eugen An- ghel∙Vera Rushmer∙Omar Soto∙James
R Goodwin∙Diana Place∙Susan Adams∙Rob-ert Fabien∙Leslie Moma∙Lissa Heine-
man∙Chris Bailey∙William Garrett∙Don Boehms∙Merilee W Thompson∙Bruce
H Campbell∙John Griffin∙Catherine Parker∙- Jan DeGrandchamp∙Janet Greenleaf∙-
George Hough∙Jerry Baker∙Timothy Sul- livan∙Glenn Schein∙Peter James-
on∙Kathleen Hennessy∙Lionel P. Deang∙Wil- liam Perez∙Diane Tasker∙Kevin Nor-
ton∙Leland Zanteson∙Bruce Hammond∙Glen Adams∙Jane Kroll∙Julie Robinson∙Mi-
chael Hawley∙Lawrence Fisher∙Lucinda Thompson∙Ralph Hammond∙John Pit-
man∙Peter Ellis∙Mindrucencu Matei∙Mur-ry Shohat∙James Clark∙Pamela Gay-
lord∙Lorry Clark∙Barry Schwartz∙John W Watt∙Howard Pearce∙William D My-
ers∙Comella Parker∙Robert King∙Kath- ryn Kemp∙Gordon Handford∙Carmen
Nichols∙Pat Brickner∙Mike Ramey∙Chuck Sheppard∙Leroi Armstead∙Jack Win-
berg∙Roy Leary∙Håkon Ånes∙Dale Newby∙-Trish Gardiner∙Peter Frost∙Randall
Daugherty∙Shanda Bahles∙Yiannis An- driopoulos∙Jessica Townley∙Allan J
Lowe∙Pamela Hopp∙Raymond Huey∙David Peterson∙John Kuempel∙Christopher J
Green∙James Jim∙Roy Carr-Hill∙Larry Wit-te∙Steve Durham∙James Snyder∙Jo-
anne Cohen∙Saundra Lockwood∙Sara Mer-rey∙Susan Guyaux∙Bruce Remy∙Rick
O’Keefe∙Chrissy Bourke∙Martha Fish- kin∙Cecil Denney∙Carolyn Fisher∙Brij
Anand∙George Louiso∙Peter Symmons∙- Joy Parker∙David Flood∙Sandra Weav-
er∙Tom Attree∙Bill Lovejoy∙Jack Schwartz-∙Alison Hawkins∙Norma Susan
Smith∙Glen Matthews∙Guenther Schoellman- n∙Keith Duke∙Arise Peter∙Nicholas
Todaro∙Ahmed Karacic∙John Holstein∙Julie Strickler∙Eric J Fuller∙Sigi Borutta∙Jen-
nifer Davoren∙Dalton Stansbury∙Esther Muller∙Gord Lawrence∙Chris Carter∙-
Jeffrey Hardy∙Ronald Obermarck∙Jack Schneider∙Andrew Barbieri∙John En-
dresen∙Jane Gfrerer∙John A Filewich∙Ken- neth Schadt∙Dennis Zimmerman∙Rob-
ert Broedlow∙Alan Richardson∙Robert Fergu- son∙Noel Thompson∙Kathleen Schon-
meyer∙Tris Palmgren∙Ronald Moore∙Les Murphy∙Robert Delucia Jr∙Chrysanne
Fife∙Bess Weaver∙Pierre-Emmanuel Bailly∙- Duncan Gibson∙Daniel Greenleaf∙Rose
Keller∙Angel Felipe∙Robert Shandro∙John Al- berts∙Adam Byford∙John Archer∙Mat-
thew Schlueter∙Mirash Subramanian∙Di- na Taha∙Jeffrey Hubbard∙Randy
Banks∙Tay Carpenter∙Robert Dawson∙Jim Ross∙Annette Hunter∙Maria Castella-
nos∙Nick Swift∙Robert Urian∙Parthav Va-ghela∙Tyler Watkins∙James Carter∙-
James Van Wyk∙Max Steinman∙Andy Parkin- son∙Jeffrey Chua∙Charlie Teljeur∙Kel-
len Sutton∙Vilmos Schlingloff∙Thomas Bai- ley∙Mark Platt∙Steven Garrett∙Franklin
Cappadora∙Andrew Austin∙Boss Greeney∙T- ed Ditchburn∙Berndt Weber∙Marilyn
Gross∙Charles Tan∙Rishabh Jain∙Alex How- ell∙William Philip∙Rocky Pfeffer∙Wil-
liam Harvat∙Gail Helgeson∙Bonjit Koch∙Lu- cian Grey∙Aleksandra Ivanković∙Jon
Harris∙Judith Grossman∙Ron Tanous∙Joseph Crowther∙Judith Lyons∙Tony Lenher-
r∙Victor Ferrante∙Tina Jackson∙Jeanne Ritchie∙Pam Harris∙Bob Simmons∙Bill
Power∙Christine Lynch∙John Wood∙Dennis Buchmiller∙Andrew Skinner∙Patrick
Lippincott∙Curtis Jones∙Kit Byatt∙Enid Rob-ins-Holm∙Phil Fitzgerald∙Elaine Da-
vis∙Rafael Aguilar Carrillo∙Mary R Bil- son∙Sonja Rogers∙Dennis Hoef-
ca∙Lynne Robinson∙William Martin∙An- drew Croasdale∙Tim Risher∙Simon
Geller∙Don Gage∙Ronald J Poh∙Michael D White∙Mitchell Brodkin∙Angela
Stone∙Glenda M Smith∙Stephen Innes∙David Pilsworth∙Mark Pilkington∙Sharon E
Ciri∙Mary Coffee∙Irene Vince∙Catherine Ved- der∙Jack Kuhn∙Angus Phaure∙Milt
Whiteduck∙Carl H Schaefer∙Yukio Ciwama- sa∙Paul Micallef∙Sandra Venning∙Jo-
seph Formisano∙Rajiv Srinivasa∙James Keats∙Aaron Reiser∙Matthew Ryan
Hurne∙Steven Swart∙Gregory A Robin- son∙Toni Mayer∙Karla Koenig Camp-
field∙Holly Tetreault∙Tom Weimer∙Roger Ream∙Salbach Salbach∙Alan Rabinowitz∙Spencer Humphrey∙Ilhan Sener∙Frances Mullane∙Mary Hunt∙Thomas Walls∙Jill Coward∙Mike Gibson∙Jan Kuniholm∙Carlos Zavala Arce∙Murray Odom∙Therese Goetz∙Jack Horowitz∙Isabelle Chesley∙Michael
Fiore∙Dean Eaton∙Nathan Kutzan∙Terri Frame∙Cyrus Anderson∙Susan Turansky∙Charles Sattgast∙Richard Winter∙Ray Bernstein∙Jack Cronin∙Gary Oliver∙Janet Eriksson∙Dan Collier∙Stephen Parker∙Cecil Hanson∙Deborah Pearcey∙Emanuele Zamprogno∙Gloria Cafeo∙Tracy Walters∙Barbara
Judd∙Kees Luijt∙Kim Hall∙Peter Ploom∙Dean Sinnett∙Kevin Sanders∙Ian Towers∙Joao Lopes∙Robert Check∙Nancy Myers∙Robert Devol∙Robert Bartha∙Carol Holman∙William J Romo∙Jake Rogers∙Thomas Lepage∙Will Palmer∙Alejandro Ordaz∙Pierre Verbeek∙Maggie Shields∙Toni Haun∙Carl
Jenkins∙Joyce Evans∙Rex Becker∙Jerry Woods∙Richard Moore∙Catherine Nall∙Kevin Faye∙Jennifer Cole∙Thomas Smith∙Beth Herst∙James Coogan∙Don Price∙Alban Brindle∙Betty Ferrari∙Jim Buysen∙George Wilhelm∙John Lien∙Karen Taylor∙William S Rivkin∙William Hardman∙Donna
Rohrer∙Nancy Harrigan-Lambert∙Jennifer Ludes∙Kathryn Kram∙Greg Whyte∙Holly Dahlman∙Sharon Liebert∙Paolo D’Emilio∙Donald Simmons∙Jonathan Alexander∙David Bleuer∙Eduardo Morales∙Trevor Vannoy∙Jillana Nickel∙Hans Larsen∙Ann Carey∙Priscilla Bass∙Tanja Hernandez∙Narmin
Isparzada∙Peter Stiles∙Susan Hussar∙Roger Lofstrand∙Lauren Clifford∙Tom Bardel∙George Agrafiotis∙Anne Bull∙Guillet Gabriel∙Roland Kennett∙Charles Hines∙Michael Bonner∙Johan Grobler∙Dave Thomas∙Chris King∙Linda Veiga∙Neil Fisher∙Joseph Wood∙Paul Baker∙Diane Diernbach∙Stan-
ley Goralczyk∙William Boockvor∙Juan Villalpando∙Arthur Roberts∙David Goris∙James Rauer∙Keith Hook∙Ross Oneill∙Craig Kelso∙Diane Morrow∙Guy Wittevrongel∙Gregg Savajian∙Richard Dallett∙John Kirchberg∙John Reid∙Peter Smith∙Victor Zielinski∙William Wilson∙Diego Ruggeri∙Raimun-
do Saona∙Gary Kirk∙Teresa Sabol∙Jonathan Evans-Jones∙Roman Nazarenko∙Meinrad Nell∙Robert Lee Barton Jr∙Nigel Willey∙Sankar Mitra∙Maury Swoveland∙Jeffrey M Klop∙Carol Jacobs-Carre∙Robert P Biuk-Aghai∙Mark Yeary∙George Black∙Carl Warsowe∙Pavel Dvořák∙Barry Parker∙Karen
Ehrens∙David Harder∙Matt McDowell∙Michael A Wright∙Stuart Kahn∙Terhi Tormanen∙Susan Berry∙Diane Field∙Kenneth Earney∙Lisa Payne∙Jhamal Salazar∙Kovács Tibor Előd∙Phil Pearl∙Beth McNally∙Kenneth Clark∙Raymond McClellan∙Thomas Randall∙Joe Chambers∙David Geatches∙Kath-
erine Sogolow∙Roseanne Gough∙Jens Victor∙Bruce Couter∙Brian Machin∙Arif Abdulrafi∙Dan O’Leary Jr∙Geraldine Main∙Eric Vo∙John Demcak∙Nigel Guerin∙Wanda Rader∙Tom Armistead∙John Montague∙Josephine Duhamel∙James McGinty∙Lawrence White∙Scott Cambo∙Michael J McCan-
n∙Alan Bryan∙Anne Farrington∙Eva Ross∙Bryan Jones∙Marc Harries∙Timothy Wolfe∙David Grovic-Rauenzahn∙Gloria See∙Charles Carpenter∙Pavlina Michailidis∙Dennis Bryant∙Cynthia Jones-Shoeman∙Jose Rosario∙Roberto Varea∙Travis Dillon∙Tim Perkins∙Pete Dejmak∙John Reidy∙Yevgeniy
Veksler∙Bryant Winterholer∙John Haugh∙Rob Hodgson∙Kozmo Istvan Graeme Kliegl∙David Schwartz∙Ken Catlett∙Adrienne Anderson∙Mike Epps∙Frances Angara∙William Small∙Lynne Vass∙John Robinson∙James W. Levinson∙Lavinia Hunter∙Steven Reed∙Alistair Fraser∙Annick
Fritz-Smead∙Marion Martin∙Diana Jeffers∙Scott Youmans∙Mark Schneider∙Raphael Gersowsky∙Paul Volet∙Jay Farrell∙Alden Green∙Donald Ambrose∙Terry Frewin∙Rob Cleary∙John Vickers∙Joan Loy∙Roy Mize∙Jan Toof∙Richard Futrell∙Filipe Freire∙Alan Klingenstein∙Carl McCrosky∙Alfred
Pieper∙Dmytro Tereshchuk∙Marilynn Clement∙Kirk Dougherty∙Richard Herndon∙Cesare Desiderati∙Bjarni Viggósson∙James Tatum∙Allan Albery∙Darlene Massey∙Elmer Hayden∙David Walker∙Raymond Baranak∙Rita Ihly∙Giles Payne∙George Giesey Jr∙Beth Learn∙Jed Calvert∙Jonathan
Hill∙Robert Hall∙William L Bowersox∙Randy H Krause∙James Stephenson∙Warren Lydecker∙David Hackett∙Karin Jacobson∙Alicia Kelso∙Gregory Labelle∙James C Roach∙Lya Saaek∙W.M. Reid∙Kathleen Watkins∙Bill Lavin∙Barry Williams∙David Higgins∙Bill Brenneman∙Tony Bonise∙Donald S
Johnson∙Harry Rook∙Cecelia Weber∙Stanley Hartpence∙Victoria James∙Jessica Skippon∙Randy Horne∙Ian Jenkins∙Darrell Neft∙Patrick Probst∙Lingyun Chen∙Ivan Hudson∙Robert Alder∙Kevin Hawney∙Judy Perry∙Ray Whittem∙Bill Little∙Jeremy Katras∙John Callegari∙Davydm Daf∙Susan
Coyle∙Mark Artis∙Martin Hronsky∙Tim Berg∙John Cooper∙Anthony Hodges∙James Hoots∙Evelyn Murray∙Stephanie Hicks∙Margaret Burke∙Terry De Niro∙Ian Parsons∙Sophia Robinson∙Charlotte Morgan∙Joseph Adams∙Michael Bigler∙Nina Shaw∙Lucy Harrison∙Kapil Juj∙Kathryn Waugh∙Wil-
liam Fish∙Thomas Auchter∙Francisco Barrena∙Barbara Lea∙Dennis Morgan∙Melton T Harrison∙Richard Tanner∙Elizabeth Kelly∙Alexander Schlenga∙David Cotton∙John Yavorsky∙James Machgan∙Joseph Gitter∙Dennis Dran∙Peter Nearhos∙Preston Maness∙Conchita Greenwood∙Dasar Swa-
mi∙Lyndell Ernst∙Ariana Dindzans∙Jeffrey Drood∙Geoffrey Corvera∙Tom Poirier∙Ronald Enns∙Sandi Holt∙Allen Etheridge∙Christopher Ward∙Lorrilyn Rennings∙Diane Post∙Michael Mansfield∙Arthur Judge∙Sourabh Kumar∙Elroy Fernandes∙Kathy Hartlieb∙Randall Detra∙Eric Lichtenstein∙Vidy-
asagar Nerella∙Jordan Fisher∙Mike Lynch∙Jason Clark∙Elaine Fontes∙Brian Cunningham∙Shawn Wagner∙Robert White∙Ken Berg∙Lynne B Davis∙George Gherjikov∙Chester Rusinek∙Gwynneth Lynne∙Juha Valimaki∙Anthony F Vignone∙Yujie Zhang∙Stuart Black∙Toni Mäki∙Nalani McClen-
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son∙Dena Leiter∙Greg Fearon∙Alan Roy∙Bradley Schaffer∙Pierlauro Sciarelli∙Lois Whitehead∙Douglas Broad∙David Wentz∙Ed Ashworth∙Julie Price∙Sebastien Vigneau∙Stephany Brennan∙Tom Boczar∙John Doherty∙Betty Farrell∙Judi James∙John Titford∙Dwain Staley∙Richard Johnson∙Patrick
Blodgett∙Roger Knickerbocker∙Thomas Eaton∙Malcolm Hankins∙Ceri Ames∙John Fortune∙Howard Whitaker∙Michael Abler∙Julio Aviles∙Dewey R Myers∙Paul Jones∙Patricia Reich∙Linda Smathers∙John Peachey∙Larry Horsfall∙Lynn Gallagher∙Kristen Holt∙Cathy Shea∙John Churchill∙Ashley
Carter∙Richard Smith∙Jonathon Merz∙Kris Baymiller∙Robert Yant∙Robert Henry Horowitz∙John Wiens∙Au- drey Bensy∙Carolyn Breninger∙Manny Rich∙Rena Winfrey∙Bob Hellwig∙Edward Marcus∙Joan Gregory∙Catherine
Marie∙Richard Marsh∙Chris Walker∙Don Frederick∙William Sierer∙Arden Leslie∙J. Anthony Carter∙Hiromichi Mori∙Julien Hopp∙Martin Espinola∙Jonathan Collier∙Corliss Rice∙Margo Studer∙Guy Higby∙David Chandler∙Paula
Lozar∙Sharon Sullivan∙Sharon Williams∙Michele Porter∙Robert Strdel∙Amir Mazinani∙Carol Brownson∙John Mon- son∙George Nagy∙Donald Wheeler∙Bernard Timlin∙Lewis Wood∙Lance Williams∙Perry Godwin∙Harold Burstyn∙-
Teemu Lintula∙Ed Lanius∙Sally Zalek∙Charles Kettering∙Ros Phillips∙Lawrence Bolfik∙Jim Gordon∙Joseph Fen- wick∙Victor Gilinsky∙Jo-Anne Evans∙Simon Barnes∙Nancy Bickel∙J Elizabeth Allen-Hatcher∙Ron Vanabraha-
ms∙Amber Murphy∙Richard Dannelley∙Allen Hicks∙Barbara Zupcsan∙David Garcia∙Laurie Ryan∙Michael Fos- ter∙Gayle Cole∙William Roy∙Scott Lindsay∙Marion Shea∙Lawrence Perszyk∙Bruce Kemperman∙Gene Clark∙Thom-
as Kruk∙Rick Riffel∙David Hodgson∙Margo Heker∙Richard Russell∙Jan Sjogren∙Rosaliy Lynne Yerger∙Roger Butz∙Gloria Dumois∙Norton Parry∙William Butcher∙Michael Mills∙Brad Nelson∙Raoul Lanero∙Andrew Sweat-
t∙Rodney Saenz∙James O’Toole∙Valentine Rodger∙Ernest Craggs∙John Jones∙Henry Rath∙Dianne Fitchett∙Don- ald Tobul∙John Spallone∙Jerome Stone∙Jeremiah Lee∙David Wallace∙Melanie Kuhn∙Richard Driscoll∙Raymond
Pring∙Bradford Webb∙Preston Whetstone∙Thom Lang∙Cabriz Ghazali∙Mark Buckley∙Michael Allen∙Sharon Blakely∙Frieda Lomahoma-Tunney∙Gerald Gagnon∙Bruce Stover∙Kelly Peters∙Nicholas Genger-Boeldt∙Douglas Kinney∙Frank William Wright∙Neville Dalton∙Bijoy Roychowd-
hury∙Cody Hussey∙Armando Valdes∙Willie Owens∙Jeffrey Lapic∙Sally Horak Hundemer∙Gil Medovoy∙Gerry Young∙David Smith∙Rosemary Caire∙David Goldstein∙Stephen Whitney∙Craig Keller∙Werner Braun∙Michael Jensen∙Ron Weiner∙John & Susan Prusis∙Khalifa Lame∙Jim Mills∙Rod
Peel∙Dennis Wonn∙Robert Owen∙Diana Palm∙Michael Friedman∙Herman Ballard∙Jonathon Menz∙Patricia Martin∙Roy Gregg∙Susan Herring∙Marjorie Hoskinson∙Rickey Black∙Sarah Griffiths-Jones∙Philip Guttentag∙Dianne Martin Vaughan∙Ralph Tuscher∙Sylvia L Hill∙Lee Giddings∙Carla
Hess∙Hollis Jordan∙Gary Tucker∙Jessica Bieker∙Ronald Cavalier∙Philippa McDonald∙John Detweiler∙John Bender∙Li Schmidt∙Mik Norman∙Richard Lane∙Lydia Walker∙Russ Rizzuto∙Scott Hicks∙Tony Lee∙Alan E. Liebowitz∙Julian Jones∙David Engle∙Rodney Fay∙J Andrew Brook∙Eileen
Wright∙Emilio Martinez-Cordero∙Marvin J Ward∙David Sanders∙Claire August∙Richard Jasso∙Larry Parker∙Allen Truhan∙Paul Harris∙Ken Carder∙Mario Riccardo Corato∙Matthew Martino∙Robert Luken∙H Michael Dunbar∙Connie Langille∙George Bavas∙Jason Wall∙Judith Stylianou∙Maurice E
Bonenfant∙Kevin C Westbrook∙Elizabeth Watson∙William Levan∙Kenneth Althiser∙Kevin Mack∙Amelia Kacena∙Mike Meikus∙Harvey Black∙Tom Holland∙James Kainen∙Margaret Hutchinson∙Sushma Dasari∙Rance Winkler∙Shishir Verma∙Teresa Enking-Novak∙Steve Cuthbert∙Kitty Hein-
rich∙Brian Woods∙Andrew Rady∙Jon Midgley∙Tad Lindelow∙Steven Haworth∙Jorge Hurtado∙Ellen Derr∙Michelle Monroe∙John Grosjean∙Charley Fulmer∙Richard Bruns∙Jesper Partoft∙Craig Leischner∙Pat Donaldson∙Geoff Sinton∙Corey Cook∙Denise Edgell∙James Shelton∙Donald K Lexa∙Mi-Joined by 6,000+ people who have co-signed this letter.To join us or for more information, see: mozilla.org/openletterDear Mr. Zuckerberg and Mr. Dorsey:You have both taken significant steps to curb the spread of disinformation related to theU.S. election: labeling false information, rejecting misleading ads, limiting retweets, andremoving accounts and groups that promote lies, hate, conspiracies, and violence. Theseare important steps.However, you have missed a critical vulnerability in each of your platforms. Facebookand Twitter still include features that could allow disinformation about voting andelection results to go viral. This could escalate quickly and threaten the integrity of theU.S. election.We are calling on both Facebook and Twitter to immediately turn off two featuresthat can amplify disinformation: Facebook’s Group Recommendations and Twitter’sTrending Topics.This approach would solve an urgent and unmet goal: curbing viral disinformation atscale while protecting against bias. Right now, a false or misleading trending topic orviolent group can reach millions of people before other safeguards to label content orremove groups can take effect. These actions would apply equally and neutrally acrossyour platforms in the U.S.Countless experts — and even some of your own employees — have revealed how thesefeatures can amplify disinformation.“64% of all extremist group joins are due to[Facebook] recommendation tools... [Facebook]recommendation systems grow the problem.”Jeff Horwitz and Deepa Seetharaman, “Facebook Executives
Shut Down Efforts to Make the Site Less Divisive,” May 2020,
The Wall Street Journal“[Twitter’s Trending] system has often beengamed by bots and internet trolls to spreadfalse, hateful or misleading information.”Kate Conger and Nicole Perlroth, “Twitter to Add Context
to Trending Topics,” September 2020, The New York TimesThese features should remain disabled, neutrally and across the board, until January2021 in the U.S. This is a critical step in preventing the viral spread of disinformation— such as inaccurate voting procedures or election results — throughout the electionprocess and the certification of the results.As a global community of people who care about the health of the internet, we urge youto do more to curb disinformation in order to protect the integrity of the U.S. election.Sincerely,MozillaAn Open Letter toFacebook & TwitterADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT