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University of Sydney: Human Trafficking Criminal wwww.ielts.agency 16

Figure 2

High-stakes Test

Source: IELTS (2017a)

The majority of IELTS’s clients comprise one or more of the following demographic groups:

 Skilled migrants

 Unskilled foreign workers

 International students

 Individuals who are required to register with a foreign professional body.

Criminal and negligent acts committed by IELTS executives and staff can and do have devastating
impacts on test-takers and their families, dependents, sponsors and their community-at-large
(e.g. Suss, 2011). Members of the IELTS consortium have a serious duty of care to act in a manner
that is professional, ethical and transparent at all stages of their global business operations.

1.4 Historical context

The IELTS exam was established in 1989 (Ingram, 2014). The IELTS was never intended to be used
as a tool to support immigration agencies. The IELTS test was designed to support applicants who