Further Reading
González Holguín, Diego. Vocabulario. Instituto de Lenguas y Literaturas Andinas-Amazónicas (ILLA-
A). 2007 [1608]. http://www.illa-a.org/cd/diccionarios/VocabularioQqichuaDeHolguin.pdf.
Mannheim, Bruce. The Language of the Inka since the European Invasion. Austin: University of Texas
Press, 1991
———. “González Holguín, Diego (1552–1618).” In Guide to Documentary Sources for Andean
Studies, 1530–1900, edited by Joanne Pillsbury, vol. 2, 252–54. Norman: University of Oklahoma
Press, 2008.
Porras Barrenechea, Raúl. “Prólogo.” In Diego González Holguín, Vocabulario de la lengua general de
todo el peru llamada lengua qquichua o del inca, v-xliv. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos, 1952.
■GARY URTON
GUAMAN POMA DE AYALA, FELIPEThe author of what is arguably the most influential work in the florescence of
Inca studies through the^ twentieth century, El primer nueva corónica y buen
gobierno (The First New Chronicle and Good Government), Guaman Poma
was a descendant of native nobility from the southern highlands of Peru. It is
thought that he was born sometime around 1535–1550, most likely in the
Huamanga region in the northern part of the present-day department of
Ayacucho. Guaman Poma was a member of the Guaman/Tingo clans (ayllus)
of Huamanga. He was a native speaker of at least three varieties of Quechua
and a few varieties of Aru, a language related to Aymara. Some of what we
know about his later life and activities comes from documents involving a
long legal struggle with people from Chachapoyas over land rights in the
region of Chupas, near the town of Huamanga. His date of death is equally
uncertain, but from evidence in his chronicle, it is estimated to have occurred
around 1616.
It is clear from his writings that Guaman Poma received a fairly good
education, and that he was exposed for some time to a wide range of
European manuscripts, illustrations, and other printed material. It is fairly
certain that he worked as an aide to clergy involved in the suppression of
indigenous religious practices and the destruction of huacas and other native
“idols.” He claims to have served the ecclesiastical inspector (visitador)
Cristóbal de Albornoz in that priest’s 1569–1570 campaign through the
territory of Huamanga. He also appears to have been involved in Viceroy
Francisco de Toledo’s 1571 visita, or inspection tour, of the Huamanga