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■GARY URTON
BERTONIO, LUDOVICOBorn in Marca di Ancona, Italy, in 1557, Bertonio entered the Jesuit order in
1574 and was ordained as a priest upon his arrival in Lima, in 1581. Bertonio
was soon assigned to a parish in Juli, on the south shore of Lake Titicaca,
where he lived for some 30 years, from 1585 to 1619. During that period, he
also spent some time (1599–1603) in the great mining center of Potosí, in
present-day central Bolivia. Juli was in the heart of Lupaca territory, one of
the great confederations of Aymara-speaking peoples of the Lake Titicaca
region. Bertonio learned the Lupaca dialect of Aymara in Juli, which was at
that time the principal Jesuit center for the study of indigenous languages. He
also learned other dialects of Aymara during his time in Potosí, where he
served as priest and confessor to indigenous mit’a laborers sent from southern
Peru and Bolivia to work in the mines as a part of their tribute obligation.
Suffering from poor health, Bertonio moved from Juli down to Arequipa in
1619, and finally to Lima, where he died, in 1625.
Bertonio was the author of several works on the Aymara language. An
understanding of Aymara grammar and vocabulary is important to students of
Inca civilization and culture because most linguists today accept that Aymara
was the principal language spoken by the Incas when they settled in the
Cuzco region. Bertonio wrote his works on the Aymara language with the
assistance of a young Aymara speaker from Juli, Martín de Santa Cruz.
Bertonio’s first publication was a pair of grammars, one short, the other
longer; both are dated to 1603. In 1612, Bertonio published an Aymara
translation of the life of Christ, a book of sermons (in Aymara), and what is
considered today his most important contribution to Aymara studies, the
Vocabulario de la lengua Aymara (Vocabulary of the Aymara Language). The