Francis Ames-Lewis, The Intellectual Life of the Early Re-
naissance Artist (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University
Press, 2000)Frederic J. Baumgartner, France in the Sixteenth Century
(New York and London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1995)
Michael Baxandall, Painting and Experience in Fifteenth
Century Italy: A Primer in the Social History of Pictor-
ial Style (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2nd
ed. 1988)Bernhard Berenson, The Italian Painters of the Renaissance
(1952; new ed. New York: Ursus, 1998)Sergio Bertelli, Franco Cardini, and Elvira Garberzorz, The
Courts of the Italian Renaissance (New York: Facts on
File, 1986)Robert Birely, The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450–1700:
A Reassessment of the Counter-Reformation (Oxford,
U.K.: Blackwell, 1987)Robert Black (ed.), Renaissance Thought: A Reader (Lon-
don: Routledge, 2001)Anthony Blunt, Art and Architecture in France 1500–1700
(London: Penguin, 1953; 5th ed. New Haven, Conn.
and London: Yale University Press, 2001)William James Bouwsma, The Waning of the Renaissance
1550–1640 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press,
2001; repr. 2002)
Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean
World in the Age of Philip II, 2 vols, transl. Sian
Reynolds (New York: Harpers & Row, 1972, 73; con-
cise ed. HarperCollins, 1992)
——, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century, 3
vols, transl. Sian Reynolds (New York: Harpers &
Row, 1983–86)
Jerry Brotton, The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road
to Michelangelo (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University
Press, 2002)
Gene A. Brucker, Renaissance Florence (New York: Wiley,
1969; new ed. Berkeley, Calif.: University of Califor-
nia Press, 1983)
David Buisseret, The Mapmakers’ Quest: Depicting New
Worlds in Renaissance Europe (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford
University Press, 2003)
Jacob Burckhart, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
(1860; new ed. New York: Penguin USA, 1990)
Peter Burke, The Italian Renaissance (Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 1987; 2nd ed. 1999)552299The following is a list (necessarily highly selective) of accessible, English-language texts
that take a general or panoramic view of the period in one or more of its major aspects. For
works on individual figures, or more specific topics, the reader is referred to the Further
Reading lists that accompany the relevant entries in the Encyclopedia. For reasons ex-
plained in the Preface, primary sources are generally discussed within the entries them-
selves. Although a number of older works such as the landmark studies by Berenson,
Burckhart, and Cassirer, have been included here, the main emphasis is on recent texts re-
flecting the latest scholarship in the field.