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5,642 m

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Pripet
Marshes
Gotland
Åland
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Ostrov Kolguyev
North Cape
Crete
Kola
Peninsula
Balkan Mts.^
Carpath
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U r a l M o u n t a i n s
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Odesa
Donets’k Rostov-na-Donu
Dnipropetrovs’k
Volgograd
L’viv
Kharkiv
Kraków
Wroclaw
Voronezh
Orenburg
Poznan Brest
Homyel’
Samara
Ul’yanovsk
Ufa
Vitsyebsk
Kazan’
Nizhniy
Novgorod
Yaroslavl’
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Irákleio
Burgas
Varna
Constanta
Simferopol’
Stavropol’
Brasov
Cluj-Napoca
Chernivtsi
Bydgoszcz
GdanskKaliningrad
Kaunas
Uppsala Vologda
Turku
Tampere
Archangel
Murmansk
Piraeus
Saint Petersburg
Lódz
ATHENS
TIRANA
GORICA SOFIA
BUCHAREST
BELGRADE
KIEV
WARSAW
MOSCOW
STOCKHOLM
HELSINKI
TALLINN
VILNIUS
MINSK
BRATISLAVA
BUDAPEST
SARAJEVO
SKOPJE
KOS.
MONT.
CHISINAU
RÍGA
GREECE
ALBANIA
MACEDONIA TURKEY
BULGARIA
SERBIA
.
PRISTINA
.
ROMANIA
HUNGARY
MOLDOVA
SLOVAKIA
UKRAINE
POLAND
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
BELARUS
LITHUANIA
LATVIA
RUSS.
FED.
ESTONIA
A
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F I N L A N D
People and Places^247
Total land area: 10,498,000 sq km
(4,053,309 sq miles)
Total population: 831.4 million
Number of countries: 44
Largest country: Russian
Federation (European part)
3,955,818 sq km
(1,527,341 sq miles)
Smallest country: Vatican City
0.44 sq km (0.17 sq miles)
Largest country population:
Russian Federation (whole
country) 141.9 million
Largest lake: Ladoga, Russian
Federation 18,390 sq km
(7,100 sq miles)
Longest river: Volga, Russian
Federation 3,688 km
(2,290 miles)
Highest point: El’brus, Caucasus
Mountains, Russian
Federation 5,642 m (18,510 ft)
FIND OUT MORE. Architecture 328–329 • Christianity 288 • Dance 336–337 • Mountains 45 • World War II 432–433
THE ALPS 3
The Alps, Europe’s highest mountains,
sweep from the southeastern corner of
France through Switzerland and Italy, and
into Austria. Over millions of years, ice has
moulded the scenery, carving peaks, ridges,
waterfalls, and basins filled with lakes.
1 FLAMENCO DANCER, SPAIN
Spain is famous for flamenco
dancing, which developed over
several centuries from Andalusian,
Gypsy, and Moorish roots. It
became popular in the early
19th century. Europe is a small
continent, but its many countries
reflect a rich mix of cultures
and traditions.
1 OLIVE GROVES, GREECE
Much of Europe has rich, fertile
soils and more than half the land is
used for farming. Olive trees grow
around the Mediterranean, where
the summers are hot and dry.
The Matterhorn in
Switzerland has a
pyramid-shaped peak
SCALE
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EUROPE
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Europe