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FIND OUT MORE. Design 326 • Painting 320–321 • Renaissance 398

322 Arts and Entertainment

1 SHADED FACE

Light falling on the face creates

highlights and shadows. The artist

reproduces this effect to create

the illusion of solid form on paper.

HOW DOES HATCHING WORK?

In hatching, varying the width, weight, and closeness

of parallel lines can create depth in a shadow. In cross-

hatching an artist draws a set of closely spaced

parallel lines and then applies another set over the top

at a different angle. This technique is often used in

printmaking where a design is cut on metal or wood.

SHADING

Shading is the way tone – the lightness or darkness in a picture –

is created. There are many shading techniques in drawing.

Hatching uses a series of parallel or roughly parallel lines to

create shading. An artist can also rub charcoal with his finger

to make lighter or darker effects on paper.

WHAT DO THE NUMBERS

AND LETTERS ON PENCILS MEAN?

Drawing pencils are coded according to

how hard and how dark they are. HB, for

example, is medium-hard and creates

a thin line, while 6B is softer and

darker – good for. SHADING.

WHAT DO ARTISTS DRAW WITH?

Artists draw with many different tools, including

pencils, pen and ink, fibre-tip pens, chalk, charcoal,

crayons, and pastel. In Western art, before

graphite (lead) pencils were introduced in the

17th century, artists drew in silverpoint, using

a silver-tipped rod on specially prepared paper.

1 DANCERS, EDGAR DEGAS, C. 1900

Degas (1834–1917) often worked with pastels, sticks of powdered

colour. Pastels lie on the borderline between drawing and painting.

1 PROFILE OF A WARRIOR, C. 1475

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) made

drawings of all kinds of subjects, including

this imaginary warrior in fantastical armour.

IS DRAWING ALWAYS BLACK AND WHITE?

Artists draw in a variety of coloured media,

including colour pencils, wax crayons, inks, chalks,

and pastels. Some artists, such as Degas, are as

famous for their pastels as for their paintings.

Precisely drawn lines

describe the armour

in detail

Drawing uses lines, dots, or similar marks to create pictures and designs.

Artists often use drawings as preparations for paintings and sculptures,

but drawings can also be finished works of art in their own right.

Drawing

drawing