7th Grade Science Student ebook

UNIT 6 THE HUMAN BODY

Figure 16.15: The organs of the

digestive system.

excretory system - a group of

organs that excrete chemical

wastes.

Digestive and excretory systems

What is the

digestive

system?

The digestive system is a group of organs that takes in and digests

food, and eliminates solid wastes. You need a digestive system

because the food you eat is in large pieces and your cells need

molecules for cell processes. Your digestive system breaks food

into smaller pieces and then uses enzymes to break those pieces

down into molecules. Those molecules are absorbed by the small

intestine and enter your blood where they are transported to

different parts of your body. The digestive system is basically a

long, twisting tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. Most of

the digestive organs (like the stomach and intestines) are tube-like

and contain the food as it makes its way through the body. Other

organs (like the liver and pancreas) produce or store digestive

chemicals. Figure 16.15 shows the organs of the digestive system.

What is the

excretory

system?

Your body gets rid of solid wastes through the digestive system.

But it must also get rid of chemical wastes that are produced by

chemical reactions in your cells. The excretory system is a group

of organs that excrete chemical wastes. These include water,

carbon dioxide, salts, and urea—a by product of protein reactions.

The excretory system includes the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin.

The liver has functions in many organ systems. In the excretory

system, it breaks down waste compounds into urea. Urea, along

with excess water and salts, is filtered out by your kidneys. The

liquid produced by your kidneys is called urine. Urine is stored in

your bladder—until it gets too full. You can guess what happens

next. Sweat glands in your skin also excrete excess water, salts,

and urea. Carbon dioxide is excreted through the lungs.