- 1 Skills for science Contents
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Mathematical skills
- 1.3 Units
- 1.4 Skills in the laboratory
- 1.5 Hazard signs
- 2 Classification of matter
- 2.1 Materials
- 2.2 Mixtures
- 2.3 Pure substances
- 2.4 Names and formulae of substances
- 2.5 Metals, Metalloids and Non-metals
- 2.6 Electrical conductors, semi-conductors and insulators
- 2.7 Thermal Conductors and Insulators
- 2.8 Magnetic and Non-magnetic Materials
- 3 States of matter and the kinetic molecular theory
- 3.1 States of matter
- 3.2 The kinetic molecular theory
- 4 The atom
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Models of the atom
- 4.3 Atomic mass and diameter
- 4.4 Structure of the atom
- 4.5 Isotopes
- 4.6 Electronic configuration
- 5 The periodic table
- 5.1 The arrangement of the elements
- 5.2 Chemical properties of the groups
- 6 Chemical bonding
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Lewis structures
- 6.3 Covalent Bonding
- 6.4 Ionic bonding CONTENTS CONTENTS
- 6.5 Metallic Bonding
- 6.6 Writing formulae
- 7 Transverse pulses
- 7.1 Introduction and key concepts
- 7.2 Pulses: amplitude and length
- 7.3 Superposition of pulses
- 8 Transverse waves
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 What is atransverse wave?
- 8.3 Crests and troughs
- 8.4 Amplitude
- 8.5 Points in phase
- 8.6 Period and frequency
- 8.7 Speed of a transverse wave
- 9 Longitudinal waves
- 9.1 Introduction and key concepts
- 9.2 Compression and rarefaction
- 9.3 Wavelength and amplitude
- 9.4 Period and frequency
- 9.5 Speed of a longitudinal wave
- 10 Sound
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Speed of sound
- 10.3 Characteristics of a sound wave
- 10.4 Ultrasound
- 11 Electromagnetic radiation
- 11.1 What iselectromagnetic radiation?
- 11.2 Wave-like nature of EM radiation
- 11.3 Electromagnetic spectrum
- 11.4 Penetrating ability of EM radiation
- 11.5 Particle-like nature of EM radiation
- 12 The particles that substances are made of
- 12.1 Atoms and compounds
- 13 Physical and chemical change
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Conservation of atoms and mass in reactions
- 13.3 Law of constant composition
- 14 Representing chemical change
- 14.1 Introduction CONTENTS CONTENTS
- 14.2 Balancing chemical equations
- 15 Magnetism
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 The compass
- 16 Electrostatics
- 16.1 Introduction and key concepts
- 16.2 Two kinds of charge
- 16.3 Conservation of charge
- 16.4 Quantisation of charge
- 17 Electric circuits
- 17.1 Potential difference and emf
- 17.2 Current
- 17.3 Resistance
- 17.4 Series resistors
- 17.5 Parallel resistors
- 18 Reactions in aqueous solution
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Ions in aqueous solution
- 18.3 Electrolytes, ionisation and conductivity
- 18.4 Precipitation reactions
- 18.5 Other types of reactions
- 19 Quantitative aspects of chemical change
- 19.1 Atomic mass and the mole
- 19.2 Composition
- 19.3 Amount of substance
- 19.4 Stoichiometric calculations
- 20 Vectors and scalars
- 20.1 Introduction to vectors and scalars
- 20.2 Properties of vectors
- 20.3 Techniques of vector addition
- 21 Motion in one dimension
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Reference frame
- 21.3 Speed and velocity
- 21.4 Acceleration
- 21.5 Instantaneous velocity and speed
- 21.6 Description of motion
- 21.7 Equations of motion
- 22 Mechanical energy CONTENTS CONTENTS
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Potential energy
- 22.3 Kinetic energy
- 22.4 Mechanical energy
- 22.5 Conservation of mechanical energy
- 23 The hydrosphere
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Interactions of the hydrosphere
- 23.3 Exploring the hydrosphere
- 23.4 The importance of the hydrosphere
- 23.5 Threats to the hydrosphere
- 23.6 How pure is our water?
- 24 Units used in the book
- 24.1 Quantities used in the book
- 25 Exercise solutions
- 25.1 Science skills
- 25.2 Classification of matter
- 25.3 States of matter and the KMT
- 25.4 The atom
- 25.5 The periodic table
- 25.6 Chemical bonding
- 25.7 Transverse pulses
- 25.8 Transverse waves
- 25.9 Longitudinal waves
- 25.10 Sound
- 25.11 EM radiation
- 25.12 The particles that substances are made of
- 25.13 Physical and chemical change
- 25.14 Representing chemical change
- 25.15 Magnetism
- 25.16 Electrostatics
- 25.17 Electric circuits
- 25.18 Reactions in aqueous solutions
- 25.19 Quantitative aspects of chemical change
- 25.20 Vectors
- 25.21 Motion in one dimension
- 25.22 Mechanical energy
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