Pre-Algebra Demystified

Multiplication of Whole Numbers

In multiplication, the top number is called themultiplicand. The number
directly below it is called themultiplier. The answer in multiplication is called
theproduct. The numbers between the multiplier and the product are called
partial products.

342 multiplicand

 34 multiplier

1368 partial product

1026 partial product

11628 product

To multiply two numbers when the multiplier is a single digit, write the
numbers in a vertical column and then multiply each digit in the multiplicand
from right to left by the multiplier. If any of these products is greater than nine,
add the tens digit to the product of numbers in the next column.

EXAMPLE

Multiply: 3276.

SOLUTION

14 carry row

327

 6

1,

To multiply two numbers when the multiplier contains two or more digits,
arrange the numbers vertically and multiply each digit in the multiplicand by the
right-most digit in the multiplier. Next multiply each digit in the multiplicand by
the next digit in the multiplier and place the second partial product under the
first partial product, moving one space to the left. Continue the process for each
digit in the multiplier and then add the partial products to get the final product.

EXAMPLE

Multiply 2,651542.

CHAPTER 1 Whole Numbers 7