Everything Science Grade 12

5.3 CHAPTER 5. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

H

H C O C

O

(CH 2 ) 14 CH 3

H C O C

O

(CH 2 ) 14 CH 3

H C O C

O

(CH 2 ) 14 CH 3

H

+ 3NaOH

H

H C OH Na+−O C

O

(CH 2 ) 14 CH 3

H C OH+ Na+−O C

O

(CH 2 ) 14 CH 3

H C OH

glycerol sodium salts of fatty acids

Na+−O C

O

(CH 2 ) 14 CH 3

H

Figure 5.8: Sodium hydroxide reacts with a fat to produce glycerol andsodium salts of

the fatty acids

• Enzymes to digest proteins, fats or carbohydrates in stains. These are called
  biological detergents.

Exercise 5 - 5

1. Raw material into
   main reaction vessel

2.Chlorine is pro-

duced

3. Na-Hg amal-
   gam breaks into
   Na and Hg in sec-
   ond reaction ves-
   sel


4. H 2 gas released 4. NaOH is produced


5. The diagram above shows the sequence of steps that take place in the mercury
   cell.

(a) Name the ’raw material’ in step 1.

(b) Give the chemical equation for the reactionthat produces chlorine in step

2.

(c) What other productis formed in step 2.

(d) Name the reactantsin step 4.

2. Approximately 30 million tonnes of chlorineare used throughout theworld an-
   nually. Chlorine is produced industrially by the electrolysis of brine. Thediagram
   represents a membranecell used in the production of Cl 2 gas.