CHAPTER 2. ORGANICMACROMOLECULES 2.6
- The glucose monomeris also a building block for carbohydrate polymers such as
starch, glycogen and cellulose. - Proteins have a number of important functions. Theseinclude their roles in
structures, transport, storage, hormonal proteinsand enzymes. - A protein consists of monomers called amino acids, which are joined by peptide
bonds. - A protein has a primary, secondary and tertiary structure.
- An amino acid is an organic molecule, madeup of a carboxyl and an amino
group, as well as a carbon side chain of varying lengths. - It is the sequence of amino acids that determines the nature of theprotein.
- It is the DNA of an organism that determines the order in which amino acids
combine to make a protein. - DNA is a nucleic acid. DNA is a polymer, and is made up of monomers called
nucleotides. - Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base. It is the
sequence of the nitrogenous bases that provides the ’code’ for the arrangement
of the amino acids in a protein.
Chapter 2 End of Chapter Exercises
- Give one word for each of the following descriptions:
(a) A chain of monomers joined by covalent bonds.
(b) A polymerisation reaction that produces a molecule of water for
every two monomers that bond.
(c) The bond that formsbetween an alcohol anda carboxylic acid
monomer during a polymerisation reaction.
(d) The name given to aprotein monomer.
(e) A six-carbon sugar monomer.
(f) The monomer of DNA, which determines thesequence of amino
acids that will make upa protein. - A polymer is made up of monomers, each of which has the formula
CH 2 =CHCN. The formula of the polymer is:
(a) -(CH 2 =CHCN)n-
(b) -(CH 2 -CHCN)n-
(c) -(CH-CHCN)n-
(d) -(CH 3 -CHCN)n- - A polymer has the formula -[CO(CH 2 ) 4 CO-NH(CH 2 )6NH]n-. Which
of the following statements is true?