ca. 300 B.C.E.lEUCLIDwrites The Elements.
ca. 250 B.C.E.lARISTARCHUS OF SAMOSuses mathematical
computations to determine that the Sun, rather than the
Earth, is the center of the universe. For this he is often called
the Ancient Copernicus.lThe Greek philosopher Eratosthenes calculates the Earth’s
circumference to be 28,500 miles.ca. 212 B.C.E.lAfter a three-year siege on Syracuse, and despite orders
to the contrary, a Roman soldier kills ARCHIMEDES OF
SYRACUSE, one of the greatest mathematicians of all times.
Archimedes’ tomb is inscribed with a SPHEREand a cylinder,
per his wishes, to signify his favorite work showing that the
VOLUMEof a sphere and the surface of a sphere, are two-
thirds the volume and surface of a circumscribed cylinder.ca. 200 B.C.E.lAPOLLONIUS OF PERGAgives the approximation of pi as
3.1416, although he gives no explanation of how he arrives
at this VALUE.ca. 150 B.C.E.lGreek astronomer Hipparchus uses longitude and
latitude measurements to determine specific locations of
geographical points.ca. 130 B.C.E.lGreek astronomer Hipparchus calculates the size of the
Moon and its distance from Earth.ca. 100 C.E.lNICOMACHUS OF GERASAwrites a book on arithmetic
explaining properties of numbers, FRACTIONs, and RATIOs.ca. 140lCLAUDIUS PTOLEMYbecomes the first person to devise
calculations that are comparative to sines. He writes The
Almagest,which becomes the basis of astronomy teaching
for the next 1,400 years, ranking the book as the second-
longest-running textbook in history.ca. 175lGerasa’s Introduction to Arithmeticis translated into Latin,
and remains the primary arithmetic textbook for the next
1,000 years.CHRONOLOGY ca. 300 B.C.E. – ca. 175 C.E.
CHRONOLOGY ca. 300 B.C.E. – ca. 175 C.E.