Khayyam, Omar 67, 91, 104
al-Khwa ̄rizmı ̄, Abu Ja’far
Muhammad ibn Musa 67,
91
Kneser, Hellmuth 67
Koopmans, Tjalling Charles
67–68, 105
Kovalevskaya, Sofia
Vasilyevna 68, 104
Lagrange, Joseph-Louis
68–69
Laplace, Peirre-Simon 69,
101
Law of Fractions 22
leading coefficient 22
least common denominator
22
least common multiple 22
legs 22
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
69–70, 98
length, measurements of
126–127, 150
Leonardo da Vinci 92, 93
like terms 22, 137
addition of 138
linear equation(s) 22–23, 117
linear sequence. See
arithmetic sequence
line segment 22
list (roster) method of
specification 35
literal equation 23
logarithm 23
logarithmic scale 23
Lovelace, Augusta Ada 70
lowest terms 23, 121
Lucas, François-Edouard-
Anatole 70–71, 104
Maclaurin, Colin 71
Mahavira 71, 91
Mandelbrot, Benoit 71
mathematical sentence 23
compound 9
open 26
matrix 23
coefficient 7–8
mean (average) 23
measurements 124–130
abbreviations 150–151
median 23–24
members (elements) 24
metric system 24
prefixes in 130
minuend 24
mixed number 24
monomial 24, 131
Mori, Shigefumi 71–72, 105
Müller, Johann. See
Regiomontanus
multiple 24
common 8
least common 22
multiplicand 24
multiplication 24
Associative Property of 5,
138
Closure Property of 139
Commutative Property of
8, 139
cross 10
of fractions 121
of signed numbers 146
Multiplicative Identity
Property 24, 140
Multiplicative Property of
Equality 25, 140
Multiplicative Property of
Inequality 140
Multiplicative Property of
Zero 25, 140
multiplier 25
Napier, John 72, 95
natural number 25, 133
negative number 25
Newton, Sir Isaac 72–74, 96,
97, 98, 99–100
Nicomachus of Gerasa 74, 90
Nightingale, Florence 74–75,
103
Noether, Amalie 75, 104–105
nonagon 25, 135
null (empty) set 15
number(s) 25, 131–133
absolute value of 3, 109
abundant 3
complex 9
composite 9, 131
compound 9
deficient (defective) 11
even 15, 132
imaginary 19, 132
imperfect 19
irrational 21, 132
mixed 24natural 25, 133
negative 25
odd 26, 133
perfect 29
as polynomials 137
positive 30
prime 30, 133
rational 33, 133
real 33, 133
division of 139
subtraction of 143
signed 37, 145–146
whole 43, 133
number line 25
numerator 25, 121
numerical value. Seeabsolute
value
oblique angle 25
oblique-angled triangle 26,
135
oblique lines 26
obtuse angle 26
octagon 135
octahedron 26, 146
odd number 26, 133
odds 26
open sentence 26
operations 26–27
ordered pairs 27, 113
order of operations 27
ordinate 3, 27, 113
Oresme, Nicholas 75–76
origin 27
Oughtred, William 76, 95
Pacioli, Lucas 76, 92–93
parabola 28
axis of symmetry of 5
paraboloid 28, 146
parallel lines 28, 93
parallelogram 28, 135
area of 109, 116
parallel planes 29
Pascal, Blaise 76–77, 96, 97
Pascal’s triangle 29, 117
P.E.M.D.A.S. 29, 134
pentagon 29, 135
perfect number 29
perfect square 29
perfect square trinomial 118,
141
perimeter 29, 118
perpendicular 29pi (π) 29, 89, 94, 103
plane 29–30
plane figures 135
point 30
point slope theorem 118, 141
polygon 30, 135
diagonals in 116
regular 34
perimeter of 118
polyhedron 30
polynomial 30, 136–137
degrees of 11, 136
positive number 30
postulate (axiom) 5
power 30, 141–142
root of 142
powers of ten 30
Powers Property of Equality
30, 142
prime number 30, 133
prism, volume of 153
probability 31
empirical 15
product 31
root of 142
proof 31
proper fraction 31, 121
proper subset 31
proportionality, direct 12
Ptolemy, Claudius 77–78, 90,
92
pyramid 31–32, 146
volume of 153
Pythagoras of Samos 78, 89
Pythagorean theorem 32, 118,
142
quadrant 32, 113
quadratic equation(s) 32, 36,
118, 142
standard form of 32, 118
quadratic inequality 32
quadrilateral 32
quartic 32
quartic equation 32
quaternary 32
quintic 32
quintic equation 32–33
quotient 33
of power property 142
radical 33
radicand 33
radius 33Khayyam – radius INDEX
Khayyam – radius INDEX