Fundamentals Of English Grammar

9 PAST PERFECT-(continued)

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. ) He'd left. I'd left. They'd left. Etc. :omcno~:
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COMPARE THE PRESENT PERFECT AND THE PAST PERFECT.
PRESENT PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

COMPARE THB PAST PROGRB!

:d) I em not hungry now. I haue

already eaten.

:e) I was not hungry at 1:00 P.M.

I had already eaten.

BAND THE PAST PHRFECT.

PAST PROGRESSIVB I (f) I wat earjng when Bob came.

PAST PERPECT (g) I had eaten when Bob came.

The PRESENT PE~CT expresses an

activity that occurred before now, ar an

unspecifid time in the past, as in (d).

The PAST PERFECT expresses an

activity that occurred before another

time in the past.

In (e): I ate at noon. I was not

hungry at 1 :00 P.M. because I had

already eaten before 1:00 P.M.

The PAST PROGRESSIVE expresses an

activity that was in progress at a

particular time in the past.

In (f): I began to eat at noon. Bob

came at 12:lO. My meal was in

progress when Bob came.

The PAST PERFECT expresses an

activity that was completed before a

particular time in the past.

In (g): I iinished eating at noon. Bot

came at 1:00 P.M. My meal was

completed before Bob came.

The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 1 13