17 EXERCISE 16. Preposition + gerund. (Chart 13-5 and Appendix 2)
Directions: Make up a quiz. Use the given word or phrase + ONE of the suggested verbs in
parentheses. Hand your quiz to a classmate to complete. When she finishes it, correct the
answers.
Example: apologize to (... ) + (interrupt, be, call)
Quiz item:
yo& shodd apologize to Tarik - fihterrkpt) hiw. OR
I apologized to wy &ehd - (be) late. OR
Rosa apologized to we - [call) a-Fter wid~ight.- thank + (open I help I invite)
- feel + (go I have I take)
- worry + (lose 1 not have 1 be)
- insist + (answer I drive I fly)
- believe + (help I tell 1 trust)
- be nervous + (speak I go I get)
- look forward + (do I stop I skydive)
- apologize to (... ) + (sell I give I leave)
- forgive (... ) + (lie I take I quit)
- be excited + (go 1 hear I move)
13-6 USING BYAND WITHTO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING
I ISDONE
(a) Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing By + a gerund is used to express how something is
the stop button. done.
@) Mary goes to work by bus. By or with followed by a noun is also used to express
-- Id Andrea stirred her coffee with a sooon. how something is done.
BY IS USED FOR MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION AND COhlMUMCATION
by (air)plane* by suhy" by mail by air
by boar by taxi by (te1e)phone by land
by& by wain by fax by sea
by car by fwr (OR on foot) by e-mail
OTHERS
by chance
bv choiceby misrake
bv hand***by check but in cash)
-* ~- bv credit card
WITH IS USED FOR INSTRUMENTS OR PARTS OF THE BODY
I cut down the tree wirh an ax (by using an ax).
I swept the floor with a bmom.
She pointed to a spot on the map with herjinger.
'airplane = American English; aenpl~m = British English.
**by wbcq = American English; by undegmund, by rube = Bridsh English.
"*The expression by hand is usually used to mean rhat something was made by a person, not hy a machine: Thu rug uKlr
made by hand. (A person, not a machine, made this rug.)
COMPARE: I WUChPd his sh0UldBt. w'th tW hd.384 CHAPTER 13