(A) involved only European nations
(B) acquired slaves from coastal areas only
(C) did not involve central Africa
(D) also involved the plantation system3 . Within Africa, the slave trade
(A) increased African dependence on European nations
(B) decreased the value of women slaves
(C) had little effect on central African kingdoms
(D) promoted unity among African kingdoms
4 . Historians searching for the earliest models of European plantation slavery would need to study
(A) plantation society on Indian Ocean islands
(B) the history of the Madeira and Canary Islands
(C) sugar plantations in the West Indies
(D) cotton plantations in British North America
5 . The African slave trade
(A) had no ties to Middle Eastern trade
(B) was frequently the result of African rivalries
(C) was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africa
(D) was limited to the Atlantic Ocean
6 . The trans-Atlantic slave trade
(A) produced average mortality rates of over 50 percent along the Middle Passage
(B) carried the majority of slaves to North America
(C) increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
(D) carried more women than men
7 . When the Portuguese first became involved in the slave trade
(A) they were uninterested in Christianizing African peoples
(B) they were interested primarily in gold and spices
(C) they were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms
(D) they created the African slave trade
8 . Sugar plantations
(A) were initially founded in the Caribbean
(B) required fewer slaves than the cotton and rice fields of North America
(C) were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
(D) especially valued slaves from western Africa
Answers and Explanations
1 . D Trans-Saharan and Middle Eastern trade routes existed before 1450. African monarchs tended
to rule with councils of advisers (A). Africans seldom enslaved their own people, usually