37 . C By comparing the League of Nations to a bubble, the artist implies that it was delicate and
could not last. Woodrow Wilson is creating, not destroying, the bubble (A). There is no reference
to conflict in the cartoon (B). There is also no reference to the necessity for idealism or the idea
that the League of Nations will improve the world (D).
38 . B In theory, the United Nations was the successor to the League of Nations. Founded after
World War II, it promoted peaceful international relations, acted as an arbiter in international
disputes, and called for its member nations to solve sociocultural, economic, and political
(humanitarian) problems around the world.
39 . B The so-called war guilt clause forced Germany to agree that it was solely responsible for
World War I, creating German anger and resentment toward the other European nations at the
conference. Both France and Britain joined the League of Nations (A). Italy did not lose territory
in World War I, although it did in World War II (C). The Austro-Hungarian Empire’s dissolution
played no role in the hostilities leading up to World War II (D).
40 . C The passage specifies that more women than men were enslaved, and also that women slaves
brought more profit. This would result in tribes with an overpopulation of men. The passage
refers to the resistance of slaves (A), and their prices indicate the possibility of escape. The
captors in the passage were primarily Arab (B), as indicated by the introduction. Women were
more highly valued than men because of their beauty, as indicated in the price lists (D).
41 . A Because the slaves were predominantly women and had been captured by Arabs, they were
most suited for domestic service or harems. Sugar plantations (B), cotton plantations (C), and
armies (D) all favored physical strength, resulting in a preference for males. Arabs did not
engage in the Atlantic slave trade, but sold slaves primarily in the Middle East.
42 . D Specifying that captives were “idolatrous” makes it clear that the slavers were working off a
religious premise. Choices A, B, and C all refer to the capture of slaves, not to their ultimate
destination or purpose and not to their religious beliefs.
43 . B According to the end of the excerpt, the North African slaves could look forward to the
possibility of freedom. While all slave trade was motivated by profit, the passage indicates that
the North Africans rationalized the capture of Africans who were considered idolaters (A). West
African slaves were predominantly male; North African slaves were predominantly female (C).
Slaves doing plantation work in the Caribbean had a notoriously shorter life span, and most of
those slaves came from West Africa (D).
44 . B The map reflects the distribution of the defeated Central Powers’ territories by the League of
Nations after World War I. The encomienda system is Latin American (A) and thus is not on the
map. The Berlin Conference (C) dealt with all of Africa and included more European nations
than simply Britain and France. The cold war (D) did not play out in the Middle East and would
have referred to the Soviets and the United States.
45 . B Self-determination refers to the right to rule oneself. Colonialism (A) involves a foreign
power being either directly or indirectly in control of another nation. Containment (C) refers to
the policy of stopping the spread of communism, which was not an issue in the Middle East.
Mercantilism (D) was an economic system associated with colonialism and imperialism, whereas
the map refers to political administration.