46 . A The Balfour Declaration indicated that Britain could eventually support a Jewish state, and
other countries made no public statement. The Zimmerman Telegram (B), the Berlin Conference
(C), and the Non-Aligned Movement (D) do not refer to the Middle East and are therefore
incorrect.
47 . B After World War I, Italy, having joined the Allied Powers after the start of the war, received
neither reparations nor territory; therefore, the Italians resented what they perceived to be an
unfair division of the spoils of war. The Ottoman Empire was dissolved and never reformed (A);
Australia (C) is completely irrelevant to the map; and Kuwait (D) never became part of Iraq.
48 . D Between 1933 and 1937, according to the chart, production of all the cited commodities
increased. Consumer goods (A) are not referred to in the chart. While grain, flax, sugar beets,
and oil seed experienced reduced outputs in 1938, cotton production increased (B). The Soviets
had more, not less, demand for cotton than for flax fiber (C).
49 . C Stalin wanted to remain in power, and thus had an incentive to produce not just more goods,
but positive political propaganda. Official governmental statistics (A) are often notoriously
unreliable, designed to maintain or increase support for a government. German assistance is
nowhere accounted for in the data at hand (B). Also, it was not until 1939 that Germany and
Russia, who had supported opposing sides of those fighting the Spanish Civil War, signed a
nonaggression pact. Kulaks (wealthy Russian peasants) had been mostly exterminated by the
1920s (D).
50 . A Collectivization, or Stalin’s plan to create state-run rather than individually held farms,
constituted the economic and political planning at the heart of communism. New Economic Plans
(B) refer to Lenin; Five-Year Plans (C) refer more to industry than to agriculture; and the Great
Leap Forward (D) refers to Mao Zedong’s efforts in the late 1950s to recapture the rural, peasant
base that had made his revolution possible.
51 . B The peasants under Stalin exerted resistance by destroying crops (and thus his positive data
about crop production). Ultimately, collectivization led to repression and the outright slaughter
of peasants and to famine. While there was some relocation of peasants during collectivization,
they were not removed en masse to Georgia (A). Rather than seeing increased economic stability,
the peasants lost what little economic stability they had had (C). The situation of the peasantry
was negatively rather than positively affected by Stalin’s economic policies (D).
52 . D Qianlong, the Qing emperor, makes it clear that he has no use for Great Britain’s goods and
that only through British submission to the Chinese throne and its stated wishes will there be
peace and prosperity. The Chinese reaction to British goods is that while they are perhaps strange
and ingenious, they are of no use to a country that has everything (A, B). Rather than perceiving
the British manufactured goods as a bribe (C), the Chinese see them as a form of tribute.
53 . C “We possess all things,” writes the Chinese emperor; therefore, anything that the British
could produce held no interest for China. While not necessarily angry, the Chinese were very
clear that barbarians (including the British) were not allowed to participate in the country’s
foreign or domestic affairs (A). There was no agreement with the Dutch dealing with exclusive
trading privileges with the Chinese. The Dutch followed the practice of working within
established Asian trading systems (B). The Chinese pointed out in the letter that no foreigner, or
barbarian, was allowed free access to economic, political, or cultural systems (D).