Answers and Explanations
1 . C Agriculture in the Americas began around 5000 BCE, whereas that in the Eastern Hemisphere
had begun at least 3000 years earlier. Agriculture in the Americas developed independently (A).
Animals in the Americas were smaller than those in the Eastern Hemisphere (B). Although food
crops in the Americas differed from those in the Eastern Hemisphere, a wide variety, including
maize, squash, beans, and cacao, was produced (D).
2 . D Slash-and-burn cultivation resulted in the migration of early agricultural peoples as the soil
lost its fertility. The Agricultural Revolution developed independently throughout the world (A)
and at different times (B). The beginning of agriculture was a gradual process (C).
3 . D Women studied the growth of plants and became the first farmers. Men handled the more
strenuous duties of hunting (A). Women’s roles as farmers and childbearers gave them an
importance in neolithic society (B), a role that was represented in the fertility statues of the
Neolithic Age (C).
4 . A The first cities arose in Sumer. Some neolithic societies used tools of copper, bronze, and
later, iron (B). Societies were often stratified, with elite classes, peasants, and slaves (C). Because
of the success of early agriculture, population rose rapidly worldwide during the Neolithic Age
(D).
5 . C Government arose from a need to cooperate in major projects such as irrigation and flood
control. Early cities tended to embrace and extend their governments to nearby agricultural
settlements (A). Religious leaders played a role in early cities (B), and specialization of labor was
commonplace (D).