(^140) › STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Questions 1–3 refer to the following two passages:The blessings which physio-mechanical science has bestowed on society, and the means it has
still in store for ameliorating the lot of mankind, have been too little dwelt upon.... [I]n
the factory, every member of the loom is so adjusted, that the driving force leaves the atten-
dant nearly nothing at all to do, certainly no muscular fatigue to sustain, while it procures
for him good, unfailing wages, besides a healthy workshop gratis: whereas the non-factory
weaver, having everything to execute by muscular exertion, finds the labor irksome, makes
in consequence innumerable short pauses, separately of little account, but great when added
together; earns therefore proportionally low wages, while he loses his health by poor diet and
the dampness of his hovel....
The constant aim and effect of scientific improvement in manufactures are philanthropic,
as they tend to relieve the workmen either from niceties of adjustment which exhaust his mind
and fatigue his eyes, or from painful repetition of efforts which distort or wear out his frame.Andrew Ure, The Philosophy of the Manufacturers, 1835Any man who has stood at twelve o’clock at the single narrow door-way, which serves as
the place of exit for the hands employed in the great cotton-mills, must acknowledge, that
an uglier set of men and women, of boys and girls, taking them in the mass, it would be
impossible to congregate in a smaller compass. Their complexion is sallow and pallid—with
a peculiar flatness of feature, caused by the want of a proper quantity of adipose [fatty] sub-
stance to cushion out the cheeks. Their stature low—the average height of four hundred men,
measured at different times, and different places, being five feet six inches. Their limbs slen-
der, and playing badly and ungracefully. A very general bowing of the legs. Great numbers of
girls and women walking lamely or awkwardly, with raised chests and spinal flexures. Nearly
all have flat feet, accompanied with a down-tread, differing very widely from the elasticity of
action in the foot and ankle, attendant upon perfect formation.... A spiritless and dejected
air, a sprawling and wide action of the legs, and an appearance, taken as a whole, giving the
world but “little assurance of a man.”
P. Gaskell, The Manufacturing Population of England, 1833- Based on the two passages, what can one logically conclude about Great Britain in the
1830s?
A. There was general consensus about the benefits of industrialization for British
laborers.
B. There was scientific evidence for the detrimental effects of industrialization on
British laborers.
C. There was a wide difference of opinion about the benefits of industrialization for
British laborers.
D. There was a general consensus about the detriments of industrialization for British
laborers. - Based on the two passages, what was the most likely source of disagreement between
Ure and Gaskell?
A. The degree to which British labor has become industrialized
B. The physical effects of industrial production on the industrial worker
C. The effect of industrialization on the wages of industrial workers
D. The economic benefits of industrialization for Great Britain
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