5 Steps to a 5TM AP European History

Cultural Responses to Revolution and Industrialization (^) ‹ 151
century liberal would. D is incorrect because the passage does not identify the state as the
enemy of liberty as a nineteenth-century anarchist would.

2. B is correct because the passage urges German-speaking people to ignore the political
   divisions and provincialism of their current situation and to understand that a German
   fatherland exists wherever German is spoken and German customs are observed. A is
   incorrect because the passage cannot be celebrating a unification that would not come
   until 1871. C is incorrect because the passage is praising German-ness, not Prussia. D
   is incorrect because the poem does not speak of beauty.


3. D is correct because the passage indicates that all of the customary German
   and German-speaking kingdoms are really part of the true Germany. A is incorrect
   because the passage says that one will not find a fatherland in those kingdoms, and
   because those kingdoms are not nation-states. B is incorrect because nothing in the
   passage indicates that Arndt thought in terms of a German empire. C is incorrect
   because nothing in the passage refers to the French Empire.


4. Suggested answer:
   Thesis: Romanticism was the nineteenth-century ideology that reacted against the rational-
   ism of the Enlightenment by urging the cultivation of imagination and emotion by recon-
   necting with nature and with the (idealized) past. Two examples of Romantic works in the
   nineteenth century are Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther and the works of English lake
   poets.

Paragraph Outline:

I. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) illustrates the

Romantic cultivation of sentiment by the way in which it glorified the “inner experience”

of its young protagonist.

II. The works of the lake poets, such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge,

illustrate the Romantic call to reconnect with nature by the way in which they extolled the

almost mystical qualities of the lake country of northwest England.

Rapid Review

In the nineteenth century, intellectuals articulated numerous ideologies in order to make

sense of a rapidly changing world. By the end of the century, a thinking person could

choose from a spectrum of ideologies, which included and can be categorized and sum-

marized as follows:

Political Ideologies

•   Conservatism: championing tradition

•   Liberalism: urging reform

•   Anarchism: scheming to bring down the state

•   Utopian socialisms: emphasizing the collective over the individual

•   Scientific socialism and communism: espousing the abolition of the private ownership

of the means of production

Cultural Ideologies

•   Romanticism: encouraging the cultivation of sentiment and emotion

•   Nationalism: preaching ethnic, linguistic, and cultural unity

•   Social Darwinism: advocating the benefits of unfettered competition

KEY IDEA

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