5 Steps to a 5TM AP European History

CHAPTER

1

‹^153

Mass Politics and Nationalism

IN THIS CHAPTER

Summary: In the nineteenth century, increased political participation by the

masses supported the growth of nationalism, encouraged by some in the

Romantic movement who idealized traditional culture and nationalist strug-

gles. This resulted in the establishment of the nation-state as the dominant

unit of European political organization. The unifications of Germany and Italy

by the conservative aristocracy, the nationalities problem of Austria-Hungary,

the fall of the Second Empire in France, and the growth of democracy in Great

Britain are among the topics reviewed in this chapter on the effects of grow-

ing political participation and nationalism.

Key Terms:

✪^ Carbonari Secret groups of Italian nationalists active in the early part of the

nineteenth century. In 1820, the Carbonari had briefly succeeded in organ-

izing an uprising that forced King Ferdinand I of the Kingdom of the Two

Sicilies to grant a constitution and a new Parliament.

✪^ Risorgimento The mid-nineteenth-century Italian nationalist movement com-

posed mostly of intellectuals and university students. From 1834 to 1848, the

Risorgimento attempted a series of popular insurrections and briefly estab-

lished a Roman Republic in 1848.

✪^ Junkers A powerful class of landed aristocrats in nineteenth-century Prussia

who supported Bismarck’s plan for the unification of Germany.

KEY IDEA

19

CHAPTER

19_Bartolini_Ch19_153-164.indd 153 27/04/18 1:55 PM