Answers and Explanations for AP European History Practice Test 1 (^) ‹ 233
provides evidence for numerous voyages to India
by British ships during this period.
- B. Marx and Engels viewed the French Revolution
as a significant effect of the economic change
that created a powerful bourgeoisie. A, C, and
D are incorrect because they are merely political
struggles between members of a stable ruling
aristocracy. - B. Marx and Engels’s belief that all history is
the struggle of economic classes is materialist,
and their belief in the inevitability of historical
events as a reaction to economic change is an
example of economic determinism. A is incor-
rect because the Oxford Movement was a move-
ment of High Church Anglicans in England
whose members argued for the return to lost
Christian traditions of faith. C is incorrect
because, while Marx makes use of the Hegelian
dialectic, he turns it on its head, emphasizing
materialist, economic causes, instead of the role
of ideas, in history. D is incorrect because the
economic ideas of the thinkers of the Scottish
Enlightenment, such as Adam Smith, empha-
sized the importance of individual self-interest
and action, whereas Marx emphasized the
importance of economic classes. - C. Marx and Engels’s view of history was
that class conflict and the events that mani-
fested from it were the inevitable consequences
of economic change. A and B are incorrect
because the economic determinism that char-
acterized Marx and Engels’s thought convinced
them that class warfare was inevitable, not a
possibility which could be avoided. D is incor-
rect because the excerpt does not say anything
about history repeating itself, and because
Marx and Engels did not believe that history
repeated itself. - D. The quotation is discussing the discrediting
of political ideology in modern German history
as a result of the revolutions of 1848 and their
failure to bring about significant change. A is
incorrect because the quotation does not discuss
industrialization. B is incorrect because the quo-
tation is not offering an analysis of the reasons
why the revolutions failed but of the effects of
that failure on modern German history. C is
incorrect because the quotation does not analyze
the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany (even
though there is an implied connection).- C. The quotation suggests that the most impor-
tant long-term effect was the rise of “Force”
as the only viable option in German political
history, due to the discrediting of both the
conservative and liberal political ideologies
in the course of the revolutions of 1848. A
is incorrect because, although the quotation
notes that no change in who ruled was brought
about in 1848, the thrust of the quotation is
about the long-term effects of the revolutions
of 1848 on German history. B is incorrect
because, although the quotation notes that the
early stages of the revolutions demonstrated
the power of ideas, it argues that the long-
term effect is a discrediting of that power. D is
incorrect because the “Force” alluded to in the
quotation is not a police force. - A. It is important to note the post–World War II
context of a historical analysis that purports to find
the roots of a German fascination with “Force”
as a political ideology. B is incorrect because it is
not the status of the historian, but the quality of
his logic and evidence that one should consider.
C is incorrect because, although the statement is
in some general sense true, it is not particularly
important to the reading of Taylor’s analysis. D is
incorrect because, though the statement may be
true, it is not at all relevant to Taylor’s analysis,
which does not purport to find the roots of the
Cold War. - C. The passage quotes Gorbachev as saying that
perestroika (restructuring) was urgently nec-
essary because delay would have exacerbated
(worsened) the situation and led to crises. A
is incorrect because the passage does not say
that restructuring was inevitable. B is incorrect
because the passage does not say that restructur-
ing would exacerbate the situation, but rather
that delay in restructuring would. D is incorrect
because the passage does not go as far as to say
that delay in restructuring would have caused
the collapse of the Soviet Union. - B. In the passage Gorbachev states that the need
for perestroika arose from the process of develop-
ment in the socialist society in which he and his
audience lived. A is incorrect because the passage
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