(^262) › STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
- According to the passage, how did Huxley define
“life”?
A. A force that works through matter
B. Essentially a philosophical notion
C. Merely a property of a certain kind of matter
D. A supernatural phenomenon - Huxley’s view is representative of which nine-
teenth-century ideology?
A. Anarchism
B. Materialism
C. Conservatism
D. Romanticism
Questions 52 and 53 refer to the passage below.
In order to make the title of this discourse generally intelligible, I have translated the term “Protoplasm,” which is
the scientific name of the substance of which I am about to speak, by the words “the physical basis of life.” I sup-
pose that, to many, the idea that there is such a thing as a physical basis, or matter, of life may be novel—so widely
spread is the conception of life as something which works through matter.... Thus the matter of life, so far as we
know it (and we have no right to speculate on any other), breaks up, in consequence of that continual death which
is the condition of its manifesting vitality, into carbonic acid, water, and nitrogenous compounds, which certainly
possess no properties but those of ordinary matter.Thomas Henry Huxley, “The Physical Basis of Life,” 1868Questions 50 and 51 refer to the passage below.The situation is critical in the extreme. In fact it is now absolutely clear that to delay the uprising would be fatal.
With all my might I urge comrades to realize that everything now hangs by a thread; that we are confronted by
problems which are not to be solved by conferences or congresses (even congresses of Soviets), but exclusively by
peoples, by the masses, by the struggle of the armed people....
Who must take power? That is not important at present. Let the Revolutionary Military Committee do it, or
“some other institution” which will declare that it will relinquish power only to the true representatives of the inter-
ests of the people, the interests of the army, the interests of the peasants, the interests of the starving.
All districts, all regiments, all forces must be mobilized at once and must immediately send their delegations to
the Revolutionary Military Committee and to the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks with the insistent demand
that under no circumstances should power be left in the hands of Kerensky [and his colleagues],... not under any
circumstances; the matter must be decided without fail this very evening, or this very night.
Vladmir Illyich Lenin, “Call to Power,” 1917- What was the immediate context of Lenin’s
“Call to Power”?
A. Russia’s entrance into World War I
B. The onset of the February Revolution
C. Russia’s exit from World War I
D. The onset of the October Revolution - Which of the following did Lenin believe
necessary?
A. The Russian military had to launch a new
offensive.
B. Kerensky had to move immediately against
the Bolsheviks.
C. The Bolshevik faction could wait no longer
to seize power.
D. Only the Russian military could effectively
govern Russia.
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