(^270) › STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
makes no reference to experimentation. D is incor-
rect because the argument is inductive rather than
deductive.
- C. Copernicus’s willingness to question the
traditional notion that the Earth was stationary
is evidence that he was working in the skepti-
cal tradition. A is incorrect because the passage
offers evidence of Copernicus’s willingness to
question the traditional, Aristotelian notion that
the Earth was stationary. B is incorrect because
nothing in the passage suggests that Copernicus
was working in a tradition that believed in
nature’s “hidden powers.” Though it is true that
Copernicus is understood to have worked in
the Platonic/Pythagorean tradition of search-
ing for the underlying mathematical laws of the
universe, D is incorrect because there is nothing
in the passage that could be used as evidence for
such an assertion. - A. The passage makes it clear that the group
met outside of, and independent from, tradi-
tional institutions like universities, courts, and the
Church. B is incorrect because the passage makes
it clear that the group was not part of a royal
court. C is incorrect because it is evident from the
passage that the group was not part of an effort
to form a new university. D is incorrect because
the passage makes it clear that the group was not
under the auspices of any church. - C. The passage states that the goal of the group
was to know “the state of these studies, as then
cultivated at home and abroad” and indicates
that members helped to make this knowledge
more readily available. A is incorrect because the
passage makes no reference to the goal of under-
mining the traditional worldview. B is incorrect
because the passage says that the group avoided
issues of religion, but not that it was dedicated to
challenging the Church. D is incorrect because
the passage makes no reference to an attempt to
regulate knowledge. - B. The passage explicitly states that “this power
has its original only from compact, and agree-
ment, and the mutual consent of those who
make up the community.” A is incorrect because
the passage does not refer to divine right, a con-
cept that Locke wished to discredit. C is incor-
rect because the word Locke chooses is consent,
which implies the possible withdrawal, rather
than Hobbes’s word—covenant—which implied
permanency. D is incorrect because the passage
does not refer to conquest.- C. Locke’s expression of the preservation of the
“lives, liberties, and possessions” of society’s mem-
bers, of the limited nature of properly derived
political power, and of the consent of the members
of society as the origin of properly derived political
power are all key concepts of constitutionalism.
A is incorrect because the passage does not argue
in favor of divine right monarchy. B is incorrect
because the passage explicitly argues that properly
derived political power cannot be arbitrary. D is
incorrect because Locke’s emphasis on the protec-
tion of the property and possessions of society
members is more in line with liberal constitutional-
ism than socialism. - D. The passage states that a government [legisla-
ture] forfeits its legitimacy when it “endeavor[s]
to grasp themselves, or put into the hands of any
other, an absolute power over the lives, liberties,
and estates of the people.” A is incorrect because
the passage does not state that a government loses
legitimacy in moments of weakness. B is incorrect
because the passage does not say that a govern-
ment loses its legitimacy any time the people
wish to make a change. C is incorrect because the
passage does not say that instances of corruption
equate to illegitimacy, only that corruption can
be one motivation for a government seeking to
exercise absolute power. - C. The illustration demands that people have
access to the commons (common land), a custom
that was being denied them through the enclosure
of land. While the illustration dates from the era
of the English Civil War, A and B are incorrect
because the illustration does not indicate that
Winstanley and the Diggers supported any partic-
ular faction. D is incorrect because the illustration
does not refer to a three-field agricultural system. - B. The illustration shows the military force
being used to expel Winstanley and the Diggers
from the commons. A, C, and D are incorrect
because the illustration shows the military force
expelling Winstanley and the Diggers and not
supporting them, awarding them lands, or show-
ing indifference, respectively.
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