Answers and Explanations for AP European History Practice Test 2 (^) ‹ 271
- A. The passage expresses the atheist view that
“men have no need of theology, of revelation,
or of gods.” B is incorrect because a deist
theology holds that God is necessary. C and
D are incorrect because both Protestant and
Catholic theologies begin with a belief in a
necessary God. - D. Both the date of the passage and its advocacy
of atheism locate it in the later, radical phase of
the Enlightenment. A is incorrect because the
date of the passage and its atheistic stance show
that it is not a passage from the later stages of the
Protestant reformation. B is incorrect because
the passage offers a critique of religion, not
political ideas. C is incorrect because the passage
offers a critique of religion, not an argument for
the need for an enlightened sovereign. - B. The passage affirms the core Enlightenment
ideals of reason and freedom of thought by argu-
ing for a rational critique of religious belief. A is
incorrect because not all of the Enlightenment’s
thought on religion and faith was atheistic. C
is incorrect because the passage does not offer
rational proof of the existence of God. D is incor-
rect because the passage is not satirical. - B. The passage indicates that the clergy of
France are to be elected by the people of France,
and that these clergy are to “be loyal to the
nation.” A is incorrect because the passage makes
no reference to Protestant theological reforms.
C is incorrect because the passage refers to the
election of clergy and their loyalty to the nation,
not their complete abolishment. D is incorrect
because the passage forbids the French people
from recognizing clergy appointed by anyone
foreign to France (which includes the pope) and
because it commands French clergy to be loyal to
the nation. - C. The existing archbishops owed their position
to their contacts in Rome and ultimately to
the pope. A is incorrect because the document
expresses the will of the National Assembly that
the clergy be brought under the auspices of the
French state. B is incorrect because the docu-
ment states that, henceforth, the clergy must be
loyal to “the nation, the law, and the king,” and
because a large number of the king’s support-
ers believed the independent power and wealth
of the clergy needed to be curbed and brought
under the authority of the state. D is incorrect
because some simple parish priests sided with
the National Assembly on this issue, believing
that simple people would be given greater atten-
tion and care under a clergy that was elected and
loyal to the French nation.- D. The document proclaimed that, by law, “all
Frenchmen are in permanent requisition for the
service of the armies.” A is incorrect because
the French Republic was proclaimed to exist on
September 22, 1792, nearly a year prior to the
publication of the Levée en Masse. B is incorrect
because the Committee of Public Safety was cre-
ated in March 1793 by the National Convention
and then restructured in July 1793; it was the
Committee of Public Safety that authored the
Levée en Masse. C is incorrect because France
had declared war on the Habsburg monarchy
of Austria on April 20, 1792, and the kingdom
of Prussia joined the Austrian side a few weeks
later. The Levée en Masse was a response to the
needs of France in the face of war with the First
Coalition, not a declaration of it. - B. The Levée en Masse is a good example of the
way in which the Committee of Public Safety
successfully harnessed the human resources of
the new French Republic; it succeeded in train-
ing an army of about eight hundred thousand
soldiers in less than a year, turning the tide of
the War of the First Coalition in France’s favor.
A is incorrect because the Levée en Masse does
not deal with efforts to reform the economy
of the new French Republic. C is incorrect
because the Levée en Masse does not deal with
efforts to reform the religious rituals of the
Church. D is incorrect because the Levée en
Masse, and the military success it brought, actu-
ally increased the popularity of the Committee
of Public Safety. - D. It can be reasonably argued that the Levée
en Masse was the first instance in modern
European warfare where all elements of the
population and all the reserves of the state
were committed to a war effort. A is incorrect
because the Levée en Masse did not introduce
weaponry produced by large-scale industrializa-
tion. B is incorrect because the Levée en Masse
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