Answers and Explanations for AP European History Practice Test 2 (^) ‹ 273
- D. The image depicts a horse-mounted land-
lord pointing to his burning hayrick and an
agricultural laborer pointing to his starving
family because their income has been reduced
by the use of threshing machines. A is incorrect
because the image does not depict a factory set-
ting. B is incorrect because the image does not
depict a naval setting. C is incorrect because the
image does not depict any industrial setting or
interests. - B. The passage states that “nationality ought
only to be... a human group called by its
geographical position, its traditions, and its
language.” A is incorrect because the passage
does not argue that a nation must be a kingdom
or have longstanding borders. C is incorrect
because the passage does not say that a nation
is only a nation if its people are strong enough
to avoid foreign domination. D is incorrect
because the passage does not argue that a
nation must be made up of people with a uni-
fied political ideology. - C. The passage reflects Mazzini’s nationalist
desire for a united Italy and his romantic
sense that a united Italy is a “natural” entity
and a moral imperative of history. A is incor-
rect because Mazzini’s desire for a new nation
of Italy goes against mid-nineteenth-century
nationalists’ emphasis on tradition, stability, and
legitimacy. B is incorrect because there are no
expressions of socialist ideas in the passage. D
is incorrect because there are no expressions of
either anarchism or socialism in the passage. - D. Bismarck, the conservative chancellor of
Germany, is portraying his conservative govern-
ment as the natural caretaker of the nation and
its working people, in contrast to the Social
Democrats, whom he depicts as doing the bid-
ding of bourgeois capitalists and splitting the
nation by looking to exploit and dominate the
working classes. A is incorrect because the pas-
sage does not address constitutionalism, an ide-
ology born in seventeenth-century Europe. B
is incorrect because Bismarck is a conservative
delivering a conservative national message. C
is incorrect because popular nationalism came
into being in the first half of the nineteenth
century.
36. A. Bismarck says that the purpose of govern-
ment “is to serve the people,” and that as the
governing party, the conservatives “want to
serve the people.” In contrast, he depicts the
Social Democrats as a party whose “mission is
to lead, to rule.” B is incorrect because Bismarck
depicts his government as servants of the people,
not as absolute rulers who should lead with-
out opposition. C is incorrect because it is the
Social Democrats whom Bismarck characterizes
as believing that they are “leaders” who should
be followed. D is incorrect because Bismarck is
the leader of the governing party in Germany,
not the loyal opposition.
37. D. The passage says that “there are objectives
that only the state in its totality can fulfill,” and
that fulfilling them is a “responsibility of the
state from which the state will not be able to
withdraw.” A is incorrect because the passage
states that it “would be madness for a corporate
body or a collectivity to take charge of those
objectives that the individual can accomplish.”
B is incorrect because the passage says that
“there are objectives that only the state in its
totality can fulfill,” and that fulfilling them is a
“responsibility of the state,” not that of private
individuals. C is incorrect because the passage
does not say that the state must fulfill any objec-
tive demanded by the people.
38. C. The cartoonist depicts Garibaldi as one
of two men responsible for the unification of
Italy, allowing one to infer that the cartoonist
believed Garibaldi to have had a significant, if
subservient, role in that accomplishment. A and
B are incorrect because the cartoon offers no
clues as to whether the cartoonist approved or
disapproved of Italian unification. D is incor-
rect because Count Cavour’s absence from the
cartoon disallows a reliable inference as to his
importance.
39. C. Garibaldi surrendered the southern lands of
the Italian Peninsula to Victor Emmanuel II on
the bridge of Teano on October 26, 1860. A
and B are incorrect because 1848 is well before
Garibaldi’s campaign in Italy, which occurred
in 1860. D is incorrect because Garibaldi
would not have been depicted as aiding Victor
Emmanuel II until after he surrendered the
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