5 Steps to a 5TM AP European History

(^66) › STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
✪^ Scripture Alone (Sola Scriptura) One of the central tenets of Martin Luther’s
theology: the belief that scripture is the only guide to knowledge of God.
(In contrast, the Catholic Church holds that there are two guides to knowl-
edge of God: scripture and Church tradition.)
✪^ Priesthood of All Believers One of the central tenets of Martin Luther’s
theology: the belief that all who have true faith are “priests,” that is, they are
competent to read and understand scripture.
✪^ The Ninety-Five Theses^ The 95 propositions or challenges to official Church
theology posted by Martin Luther on the door of Wittenberg castle church in
the autumn of 1517.
✪^ Peace of Augsburg The treaty, signed in 1555, that established the principle
of “whoever rules, his religion” and signaled to Rome that the German princes
would not go to war with each other over religion.
✪^ Peasantry The class of rural, agricultural laborers in traditional European
society.
✪^ Huguenots The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century term for French
Protestants.
✪^ Edict of Nantes A royal edict that established the principle of religious
toleration in France, proclaimed in 1598 and revoked in 1685.
✪^ Anglican Church The state church of England, established by Henry VIII in
the early sixteenth century when he decided to break from the Church in
Rome.
✪^ Dissenters The collective name for Protestant groups who refused to join the
Anglican Church in England.
✪^ Predestination The Calvinist belief that asserts that God has predetermined
which people will be saved and which will be damned.
✪^ The elect The name given in Calvinist theology to the group of people who
have been predestined by God for salvation.
✪^ Anabaptists A sect of radical Protestant reformers in Europe in the sixteenth
century who considered true Protestant faith to require social reform.
✪^ Council of Trent The Counter-Reformation council of the Catholic Church
that began its deliberations in 1545. Despite its reformist aims, it continued
to insist that the Catholic Church was the final arbiter in all matters of faith.
✪^ Inquisition An institution within the Catholic Church, created in 1478 to enforce
the conversion of Muslims and Jews in Spain. It was revived and expanded
during the Reformation to combat all perceived threats to orthodoxy and the
Church’s authority.
✪ St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre King Charles IX’s massacre of Huguenots in
August 1572.
✪ Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) The “last of the religious wars,” but actually a
European-wide struggle for dominance among the Bourbon and Habsburg
dynasties and the Holy Roman Empire.
Key Individuals:
✪^ Sir Thomas More
✪ King Henry VIII (England)
✪ Henri IV (France)
✪ Elizabeth I (England)
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